NLE Level 1 Culture & Civilization Flashcards
1
Q
What is the backbone of Italy?
A
Apennine Mountain Range
2
Q
Rome is located on the ___ and its port city is ___ at the mouth of the ___.
A
Tiber River; Ostia; Tiber River
3
Q
Latium is in the middle of what three important plains on the west coast of Italy?
A
Etruria, Latium, and Campania.
4
Q
What is the port city on the eastern coast of Italy?
A
Brundisium
5
Q
Rome is called the city of ___.
A
seven hills
6
Q
The most important hill was the ___, where the Temple of Jupiter and other temples were located.
A
Captioline Hill
7
Q
center of government and business activity
A
forum
8
Q
Senate House
A
Curia
9
Q
The ___, Sacred Way, that ran through the Forum up to the Capitoline Hill
A
Via Sacra
10
Q
The ___, the Appian Way that connected Rome and Brundisium.
A
Via Appia
11
Q
The ___ was a race track for chariot racing
A
Circus Maximus
12
Q
The ___ was a round arena for sports such as gladiator contests.
A
Colosseum
13
Q
Thermae
A
public baths
14
Q
carried water to Rome
A
aqueducts
15
Q
resort city south of Rome in the plain of Campania
A
Pompeii
16
Q
Pompeii was destroyed in ___ by the eruption of the volcano on ___.
A
79 A.D.; Mt. Vesuvius
17
Q
The large island directly south of Italy
A
Sicily
18
Q
Italia
A
Italy
19
Q
Gallia
A
Gaul (modern France)
20
Q
Hispania
A
Iberia (modern Spain and Portugal)
21
Q
Britannia
A
Britain
22
Q
Graecia
A
Greece
23
Q
Germania
A
Germany
24
Q
Illyrium
A
Illyria (modern Croatia, Serbia, etc.)
25
Asia
Anatolia, Asia Minor (modern Turkey)
26
Aegyptus
Egypt
27
Africa
Libya
28
Italy
Italia
29
Gaul (modern France)
Gallia
30
Iberia (modern Spain and Portugal)
Hispania
31
Britain
Britannia
32
Greece
Graecia
33
Germany
Germania
34
Illyria (modern Croatia, Serbia, etc.)
Illyrium
35
Anatolia, Asia Minor (modern Turkey)
Asia
36
Egypt
Aegyptus
37
Libya
Africa
38
Name the Major Seas in Rome
Mare Nostrum (Mediterranean Sea); Black Sea; and Atlantic Ocean
39
Name the Major Mountain Ranges
Apennines, Alps, Pyrenees (between Spain and France)
40
Name the Great Volcanoes of Italy
Vesuvius; Aetna (Sicily)
41
Name the Important Ports of Italy
Ostia, Brundisium (Brindisi - jumping off point for Greece)
42
The twin sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia
Romulus and Remus
43
Remus and Romulus were set afloat in a basket on the \_\_\_, but were rescued and suckled by a \_\_\_, and later went on to found Rome in \_\_\_.
Tiber River; she-wolf; 753 B.C.
44
Romulus killed his brother and become the first of the ___ of Rome, during a period called \_\_\_.
seven kings; The Monarchy
45
The seventh and last king of Rome was the tyrant \_\_\_, who was overthrown in \_\_.
Tarquinius Superbus; 510 B.C.
46
During the Republic, Rome was ruled by a ___ and two \_\_\_, each of whom served for a term of one year.
Senate; consuls
47
Carthaginian general who marched his army and elephants from Spain across the Alps into Italy.
Hannibal
48
The wars with Carthage
Punic Wars
49
The mot famous general of the Roman Republic, ___ conquered Gaul and made it a Roman province.
Julius Caesar
50
Julius Caesar was assassinated in ___ by Roman senators who feared he would become a king.
44 B.C.
51
The assassination of Caesar led to a civil war, which was won by his nephew, \_\_\_, later known as \_\_\_.
Octavian; Augustus
52
Augustus became the first ___ of Rome in the period called \_\_\_.
emperor; The Roman Empire
53
End of the Roman Empire
476 A.D.
54
The three periods of Rome
Monarchy, Republic, Roman Empire
55
During whose reign was Christ born?
Caesar Augustus
56
The basic Roman garment
tunica or tunic
57
an amulet believed to guard against evil spirits
bulla
58
The patrician wore a ___ over the tunic for public occasions
toga
59
the ancient color of royalty and nobility
purple
60
boot worn by Roman soliders
caliga
61
three garments of a basic outfit for Roman women
tunica, stola, palla
62
garment worn by women over the tunic
stola
63
draped cloak worn by women as an outer garment
palla
64
a decorated pin used to fasten cloaks and draped clothing
fibula
65
The few wealthiest Roman families in the ___ lived in \_\_\_.
urbs; palaces
66
Ordinary Romans lived in simple apartments in apartment blocks called \_\_\_
insulae
67
the typical city home of the average upper-class Roman family
domus
68
Entryway before the front door. Clients gathered here in the early morning to meet the patron.
Vestibulum
69
Front door
Janua
70
Corridor leading from the janua to the atrium.
fauces
71
Shops, operated by the patron or rented out. These opened only onto the street and were not internally connected to the rest of the house.
Tabernae
72
A large open-air interior courtyard. It was the formal room where guests were received and clients assembled to wait for their customary morning visits to their patron. It was also a room for family occasions.
Atrium
73
At the center of the atrium, directly beneath the opening in the roove (compluvium)
impluvium
74
The atrium often contained the \_\_\_, a niche containing a shrine to the family gods (lares and penates)
lararium
75
Small bedrooms or sitting rooms, usually furnished with no more than a bed and a wooden chest.
cubiculum
76
side apartments, storage
ala
77
rear entrance
posticum
78
office, where family records and treasure chest were kept. Opening at both ends, providing a view from the atrium through to the peristylium, could be closed with folding doors or screens.
Tablinum
79
Dining room, with a three-sided cushioned bench for reclining (the refined way to dine was in a reclining position) surrounding a small table.
triclinium
80
Colonnaded interior garden with frescoes, statuary, and fountains
peristylium
81
kitchen
culina
82
Room with seats for formal entertainments, dinner parties, conversations, and disputing. May be decorated with frescoes and mosaic floors. Mosaid floors used small bits of colored glass (tesserae) to create a picture, often of scenes taken from mythology or nature.
Excedra
83
Decorative pool at the center of the peristylium.
Piscina
84
shallow pool in atrium, both for collecting rainwater and decoration.
Impluvium
85
Zeus
Jupiter
86
God of sky, thunder; “father of gods and men”
Jupiter
87
Hera
Juno
88
goddess of women, marriage
Juno
89
Poseidon
Neptune
90
God of water, springs, lakes, rivers, the sea, earthquakes, horses
Neptune
91
Hades
Pluto
92
God of the Underworld, the dead; sometimes associated with Plutus, god of wealth
Pluto (Dis Pater)
93
Athena
Minerva
94
goddess of wisdom, defensive war, weaving, crafts
Minerva
95
god of light and the sun, truth and prophecy, healing, music
Apollo
96
Artemis
Diana
97
goddess of the hunt, woodlands and wild animals, the moon, childbirth
Diana
98
Aphrodite
Venus
99
goddess of love, beauty, fertility
Venus
100
Ares
Mars
101
god of war, virility
Mars
102
Hermes
Mercury
103
god of trade, commerce, travel; messenger god
Mercury
104
Hephaestos
Vulcan
105
god of metalworking, fire (both beneficial and destructive, including volcanoes)
Vulcan
106
Hestia
Vesta
107
goddess of hearth and home
Vesta
108
Demeter
Ceres
109
goddess of harvest, grains, fertility of the earth, seasons
Ceres
110
Dionysus
Bacchus
111
god of wine and winemaking, ecstasy, ritual madness
Bacchus
112
Eros
Cupid
113
god of desire, affection, erotic love
Cupid
114
god of gates and doors, beginnings and ends
Janus
115
Persephone
Proserpina
116
goddess of springtime, vegetation; queen of the Underworld
Proserpina
117
Heracles
Hercules
118
goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity
Three Graces
119
goddesses of inspired literature and the arts
Nine Muses
120
muse of epic poetry
Calliope
121
muse of history
Clio
122
muse of love poetry
Erato
123
muse of lyric poetry
Euterpe
124
muse of tragedy
Melpomene
125
muse of sacred poetry
Polyhymnia
126
muse of choral dance, son
Terpsichore
127
muse of comedy
Thalia
128
muse of astronomy
Urania
129
three-head dog; guards the gates of Hades
Cerberus
130
white winged horse; carried Bellerophon; sired by Poseidon
Pegasus
131
nurtured Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome
she-wolf
132
Which goddess was the wife of Jupiter?
Juno
133
How many heads does the dog Cerberus have?
tres
134
The killing of the Nemean lion was performed by ___ as one of his twelve labors.
Hercules
135
The three Olympians who ruled the universe
Jupiter, Pluto, and Neptune
136
Which god could be found under Mt. Aetna making weapons for other gods and heroes?
Vulcan
137
After paying a very small entry fee, the guests of roman baths would undress in the ___ (dressing room), where there were cubbyholes or cabinets for clothes and personal belongings.
apodyterium
138
curved instrument of horn or metal used to scrape oil of a Roman's body in the bath house
strigilis
139
warm room
tepidarium
140
hot bath
caldarium
141
cold room and pool
frigidarium
142
stem room, like a modern sauna
laconicum
143
a raised floor that circulated heat from a furnace
hypocaustum
144
smaller baths sometimes in cities and towns or in houses of wealthy citizens
balneae
145
first meal of the day, taken just after rising
jentaculum
146
lunch or late breakfast
prandium
147
main meal of the day, usually begun in late afternoon
cena
148
late dinner
vesperna
149
In the Roman house, the pool that caught rainwater
impluvium
150
The garden area of a Roman villa
peristylium
151
pictures formed by small bits of glass
Mosaic features
152
The ___ or “great racetrack”, originaly built by the first of the Etruscan kings of Rome, \_\_\_
Circus Maximus; Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
153
The center median of the Circus Maximus
spina
154
The turning posts at each end of the spina
metae
155
Starting gates at the Circus Maxima
carcares
156
chariot driver
auriga
157
a meeting house for the Senate
curia
158
Used as law courts and public meeting places
basilicae
159
huge Roman sewer system
Cloaca Maxima
160
built the original Cloaca Maxima
Tarquinius Priscus
161
shops and fast-food stalls
tabernae
162
The ___ (Field of Mars) was a large open area in the bend of the Tiber north of the Severan Wall that was used for military drilling and training.
Campus Martius
163
huge arena where gladiatorial games were held
Colosseum
164
a domed temple to all the gods
Pantheon
165
The most famous Roman highway is the ___ (Appian Way) known as the ___ (Queen of Viae)
Via Appia; Regina Viarum
166
The Via Appia connected Rome with the port of \_\_\_, and ran through \_\_\_, the principal city of Campania
Brundisium; Capua
167
connected Rome with the important norther city of Ariminium (Rimini)
Via Flaminia
168
connected Rome with the city of Pisa
Via Aurelia
169
main street of ancient Rome, running from the Capitol through the Forum to the Colosseum
Via Sacra
170
patrician and solider of Troy, known as the founder of Rome
Aeneas
171
The story of Aeneas was written in poetic form by the Roman poet \_\_\_. This poem is called the \_\_\_, and is the Roman national epic.
Virgil; Aenied
172
Aeneas was the son of \_\_\_, prince of a city near Troy, and \_\_\_, the goddess of Love.
Anchises; Venus
173
After a long voyage, during which Aeneas lived for a time with \_\_\_, the queen of Carthage, Aeneas arrived in Italy.
Dido
174
After winning a violent struggle with the Etruscans, he founded the city of Rome on the \_\_\_.
Tiber River
175
Years of the Roman Monarchy
753 B.C. to 510 B.C.
176
Twelve officials called ___ accompanied the king.
lictors
177
Each lictor carried the symbol of his office known as \_\_\_
fasces
178
The first historical king after Romulus was \_\_\_, remembered as a wise ruler, who built several temples, created the office of Pontifex Maximus, established the Vestal Virgins at Rome, reformed the calendar, and created the occupational guilds of Rome
Numa Pompilius
179
expanded the territory of Rome by winning a series of wars against Rome's neighbors
Tullius Hostilius
180
extended Roman territory to the sea and founded the port of Ostia
Ancus Marcius
181
build the Circus Maximus
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
182
a popular king who improved the lives of Rome's poorer citizens, had begun life as a slave - the son of a princess captured in war by the Romans
Servius Tullius
183
The last king of Rome was \_\_\_, a tyrant whose reign was characterized by bloodshed and violence.
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
184
years of the Roman Republic
510 B.C. to 27 A.D.
185
first two consuls
Junius Brutus and Lucius Collatinus
186
\_\_\_ attempted to enter Rome and retake the throne. He was aided in this effort by the Etruscan general \_\_\_.
Tarquin the Proud; Lars Porsena
187
defended the only bridge into the city long enough for the Romans to chop it down
Horatius Cocles
188
powerful families who dominated the early republic
patricians
189
the larger class of ordinary citizens whose power increased in the later republic
plebeians
190
a public codes of laws, based on Greek law instituted by the plebeians
Twelve Tables
191
While fighting the Aequians and the Sabines, the Senate sent for \_\_\_, a model of Roman virtue and simplicity who had recently finished a term as consul and gone back to his farm.
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
192
a six-month emergency office of absolute authority
dictator
193
In 390 B.C., a band of Gauls under ___ invaded Rome and occupied all parts of the city but the Capitol, where the Romans took refuge.
Brennus
194
a permanent building built in the Forum for the meetings of the Senate
Curia
195
There were three Punic Wars between what years
246-146 B.C.
196
The second was the great war against the Carthaginian general \_\_\_.
Hannibal
197
In 60 B.C., the Roman general ___ became one of the three men, together with ___ and \_\_\_, who ruled Rome in an official partnership called the \_\_\_.
Julius Caesar; Crassus; Pompey; First Triumvirate
198
Fearing Caesar would become a king, a group of nobles assassinated him on the \_\_\_.
Ides of March (March 15th), 44 B.C.
199
What are the years of the Roman Empire?
27 B.C. to 476 A.D.
200
After Caesar's death, his grand-nephew and heir ___ fought and won a civil war for control of the empire.
Octavian
201
Octavian acquired sole power, and in \_\_, he was awarded the honorary title __ by the Senate.
27 B.C.; Augustus
202
200-year period of relative peace and prosperity
Pax Romana
203
years of the Pax Romana
27 BC to 180 AD
204
three cities buried by the volcano Vesuvius in 79 A.D.
Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae
205
The empire reached its greatest prosperity and territorial expanse during the reign of the emperor \_\_\_, who ruled from 98-117 A.D.
Trajan
206
emperors that helped the Roman Empire survive during the mid-200s
Diocletian and Constantine
207
year the western half of the Roman Empire collapsed
476 A.D.
208
an old married couple who are the only ones to welcome the disguised gods Zeus and Hermes
Baucis and Philemon
209
lovers in Babylon whose blood changes the mulberry from white to red
the major Roman god of agriculture and the harvest; he is identified with the Greek god Cronus
