Unit 1 Grammar Review

Question 1

The verb ___ can be used to mean ___ or ___ in the sense of existence

Answer 1

sum; there is; there are

Question 2

When sum is used to mean there is or there are, sum will be in the ___ person, and is usually the ___ word in the sentence or ___ the subject.

Answer 2

third; first; before

Question 3

Some nouns have plural forms only, but may have a singular or plural ___. A noun and its verb must agree in person and ___.

Answer 3

meaning; number

Question 4

Give two examples of Latin nouns that have only plural forms and meanings. Write the Latin and English.

Answer 4

liberi (children), arma (arms, weapons), hiberna (winter quarters), angustiae (when it means “difficulties”)

Question 5

Give two examples of Latin nouns with plural forms that have singular meanings in English. Write the Latin and English.

Answer 5

insidiae (plot, ambush), castra (camp), impedimenta (baggage, baggage train), angústiae (when it means “narrow place”)

Question 6

Some verbs may take two accusatives instead of one. One example is verbs that call someone something, where the something is called a ___ and the construction is called the ___.

Answer 6

predicate accusative; double accusative

Question 7

The place or location of something is in the ___ case.

Answer 7

locative

Question 8

Give the Locative Rule.

Answer 8

For cities and small islands, the locative is identical to the ablative except in the 1st and 2nd declension singular, where it is identical to the gentiive. It is translated by in or at.

Question 9

What two words are not cities or small islands, but have a locative? What are their locatives?

Answer 9

domus, rus; domi ruri

Question 10

Some nouns have only plural forms. An example is ___.

Answer 10

liberi liberorum

Question 11

When the action of the passive verb is performed by a LIVING AGENT, the construction is called ___ and requires the preposition ___.

Answer 11

the ablative of agent; a/ab

Question 12

Give an example of the ablative of agent.

Answer 12

Galli a Caésare superantur. The Gauls are overcome by Caesar.

Question 13

When the action of the verb is performed by a NON-LIVING THING, the construction is called ___ and the preposition is ___.

Answer 13

ablative of means; omitted

Question 14

What is the one irregularity in the present passive system of each conjugation?

Answer 14

1st conjugation - 2nd-person singular of future tense beris

2nd conjugation - 2nd-person singular of future tense beris

3rd conjugation - 2nd-person singular of present tense eris

3rd io conjugation - 2nd-person singular of present tense eris

4th conjugation - NONE

Question 15

Give an example of an ablative of means.

Answer 15

Galli gládio superantur. The Gauls are overcome by the sword.

Question 16

Give two common indeclinable nouns.

Answer 16

satis nihil

Question 17

What is an appositive?

Answer 17

a word that follows a noun and renames it

Question 18

A appositive agrees with its noun or pronoun in ___, and usually but not necessarily in ___.

Answer 18

case; gender and number

Question 19

Give two examples of adjectives used as nouns in English.

Answer 19

the poor, the good, the bad, the ugly, the tired, the weary, etc.

Question 20

Latin often uses the ___ as a noun to describe a group of people or things.

Answer 20

masculine or neuter nominative plural adjective

Question 21

Give two latin examples where an adjective is used as a noun to describe a group of people or things.

Answer 21

multa (many things), nostri (our men), multi (many people)