Final Grammar Review Flashcards
The verb ___ can be used to mean ___ or ___ in the sense of existence
sum; there is; there are
When sum is used to mean there is or there are, sum will be in the ___ person, and is usually the ___ word in the sentence or ___ the subject.
third; first; before
Some nouns have plural forms only, but may have a singular or plural ___. A noun and its verb must agree in person and ___.
meaning; number
Give two examples of Latin nouns that have only plural forms and meanings. Write the Latin and English.
liberi (children), arma (arms, weapons), hiberna (winter quarters), angustiae (when it means “difficulties”)
Give two examples of Latin nouns with plural forms that have singular meanings in English. Write the Latin and English.
insidiae (plot, ambush), castra (camp), impedimenta (baggage, baggage train), angústiae (when it means “narrow place”)
Some verbs may take two accusatives instead of one. One example is verbs that call someone something, where the something is called a ___ and the construction is called the ___.
predicate accusative; double accusative
The place or location of something is in the ___ case.
locative
Give the Locative Rule.
For cities and small islands, the locative is identical to the ablative except in the 1st and 2nd declension singular, where it is identical to the gentiive. It is translated by in or at.
What two words are not cities or small islands, but have a locative? What are their locatives?
domus, rus; domi ruri
When the ablative is used to show FROM WHAT PERSON someone or something has been separated, the construction is called ___ and requires the preposiiton ___.
ablative of separation; a(ab), de, or e (ex)
When the ablative is used to show FROM WHAT THING someone or something has been separated, the ablative either ___ a preposition or ___ one of the above prepositions is used
without; with
There are two types of clauses. An ___ clause can stand alone as a complete thought. A ___ clause cannot stand alone as a complete thought.
independent; subordinate
The word ___ indicates a direct quotation. This word is always placed ___ the quotation and never ___ it.
inquit; inside; before
A ___ pronoun begins a subordinate adjective clause and refers to a stated or understood antecedent. These clauses are called ___ clauses.
relative; relative
The Latin relative pronoun is ___.
qui quae quod
The relative pronoun follows the ___ Agreement Rule.
Pronoun
Depending on where a relative clause is placed, a sentence may have two ___ in a row. the ___ verb after the relative pronoun usually goes with the relative pronoun.
verbs; first
The genitive of qui quae quod is used to show ___ but functions as a ___.
posession; pronoun
īdem is simply the demonstrative pronoun ___ with the suffix ___ added to the end of each form.
is ea id; -dem
Forms of is ending in -m change the final -m to a/an ___. Give an example.
-n; eundem, eandem, eorundem, earundem
Purpose clasues may be introduced by ut/ne or by a/an ____.
relative pronoun
When a relative pronoun is used to introduce a purpose clause, the relative pronoun still follows the ___.
Pronoun Agreement Rule
If a purpose clause is negative, ___ must be used.
ne
What are the three Latin and English words for where?
ubi (where?), quo (whither), unde (whence)
A relative clause of purpose cannot be used if the relative pronoun would agree with the ___ of an ___ verb.
subject; active
What does whither mean? Whence?
to what place; from what place
An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun that ___. As a pronoun, it follows the ___ Agreement Rule.
ask a question; Pronoun
The Latin interrogative pronoun is ___.
quis quid
What Latin question word expects the response “yes”? ___ “no”? ___
nonne; num
The interrogative adjective is an adjective that ___. As an adjective, it follows the ___ Agreement Rule.
asks a question; Adjective
The Latin interrogative adjective is ___.
qui quae quod
The declension of the interrogative adjective is identical to that of the ___ except in the nominative masculine singular, where ___ is used to say what or which and ___ is used to say what sort of or what kind of.
relative pronoun; quis; qui
When we report a question instead of asking it directly, we are asking an ___ question. This type of question is a ___ clause.
indirect; subordinate
If a sentence has an independent and a subordinate clause, the verbs in the two clauses must coordinate with respect to ___.
time
The rule for this coordination is called the ___.
Sequence of Tenses
One way to group the indicative tenses is by the stem. Another is by ___.
time
The ___ and ___ tenses are called primary tenses. The Latin primary tenses are ___.
present; future; present, future, future perfect
The ___ tenses are called secondary tenses. The Latin secondary tenses are ___.
past; imperfect, perfect, pluperfect
In indirect questions, the subjunctive is translated using ___ meanings.
subjunctive
The Latin word for when is ___. Clauses beginning with when are called ___ in Latin.
cum; cum-clauses
