The Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
Kidneys
A
- Renal Pelvis where urine is drained
- Filtration of blood, Reabsorption, secretion,
Homeostasis
2
Q
Ureters
A
- Carry urine to urinary bladder
3
Q
Urethra
A
- Tube between bladder
and external environment - Tube for male reproductive system
4
Q
Nephron
A
- Functional unit of the kidney
- Vascular (blood)
- Tubular (filtered fluid)
- Component in renal cortex - outer and granular region
- Component in renal medulla - inner region, made up of triangles
5
Q
Substances filtered and reabsorbed
A
- WATER from Glomerular filtrate mostly reabsorbed
- Nearly all Na+ and Cl- is reabsorbed to maintain internal Osmotic pressure
- GLUCOSE reabsorbed as long as plasma glucose < 200 mg
6
Q
Urea
A
- End product of protein metabolism
- 2/3 of that filtered is passed out in urine
- Remainder is reabsorbed
- Structure of urea H2N - CO - NH2
7
Q
Contents of urine
A
- Urea
- Ureic acie
- Creatinine
- K+
- Other substances that are toxic
8
Q
Structure of nephron
Interlobular artery
A
- Afferent arteriole carries the blood to the kidneys
9
Q
Glomeralus
A
- A ball of capillaries
responsible for filtration - Splits from the afferent artery
10
Q
Efferent arteriole
A
- Rejoin into another bed in the venules
11
Q
Peritubular capillaries
A
- Asecond capillary bed to supply renal tissue with blood receives compounds reabsorbed by tubule
source of compounds secreted by tubule
12
Q
Bowman’s capsule
A
- Encloses glomerulusin cortex
where filtration occurs
13
Q
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
A
- In cortexresponsible for most reabsorption/secretion
14
Q
Loop of Henle
A
- Cortex/medulla responsible for osmotic gradient in medulla
15
Q
Distal Convoluted Tubule
A
- In cortex ‘fine-tuning’ of solute/water reabsorption
16
Q
Collecting Tubules/Ducts
A
- In cortex/medulla
‘fine-tuning’ of urine concentration
17
Q
Bowman’s capsule and
Juxta glomerular apparatus
A
- Juxta glomerular in afferent arteriole
- Macula densa and distil convoluted tubule
- JG cells from the MD and from JG apperatus regulate pressure and filteration rate of glomerlus
18
Q
Podocytes
A
Found in epithelium of Bowmann’s Capsule and surround capillaries
19
Q
Macula densa
A
- Densely staining cells of DCT detect low Na+ in DCT and can alter flow through glomerulus and water volume