Diegestive System II Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the mucus surface cells

A
  • Physical barrier between the lumen and the epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What stimulates the mucus surface layer?

A
  • Tonic secret tonic secretion when the mucosa is irritated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mucous neck layer secretion and function

A
  • Secrete bicarbonate which acts as a buffer to the gastric acid to prevent damage to the epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What stimulates the release of bicarbonate from mucous cells?

A
  • Both the mucous and bicarbonate at decreased together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The function of parietal cells secreting gastric acid?

A
  • Activation of pepsin which kills bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of parietal cells secreting intrinsic factors

A
  • Complexes with vitamin B12 to permit absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What stimulates the release of gastric acid and intrinsic factors?

A
  • Gastrin, acetylcholine and histamines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the mucous neck and surface layer do for protection

A
  • They protect the epithelial surface
  • The NSAIDS and alcohol destroy the mucosal barrier which leads to gastric irritation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of the secretaries of histamines from Enterochroffmaffin like cells

A
  • Stimulates gastric acid secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What stimulates the release of histamine?

A

Acetylcholine and gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of chief cells secreting pepsin

A
  • For the digestion of proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of chief cells secreting gastric lipase

A
  • Initiates the digestion of fats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What stimulates the release of pepsin and gastric lipase

A
  • Acetylcholine for acid secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Process of protein breakdown in the stomach

A
  • Proteins initially breakdown in the stomach into pepsinogens
    -This causes the inactive enzyme to be secreted from chief cells
  • The gastric acid then activates the inactive pepsin which digests the collagen in the meat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fat breakdown in the stomach

A
  • Triglycerides are broken down by gastric lipase which is secreted by the chief cells
  • This forms diglycerides and a free fatty acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of somatostatin secretion from D cells

A
  • Inhibits the gastric acid secreation
17
Q

Function of gastrin secretion from G cells

A
  • Stimulates gastric acid secretion
18
Q

What stimulates the D cells to secrete somatostatin

A
  • Acid in the stomach
19
Q

What stimulates the G cells to secrete gastrin

A
  • Acetylcholine, peptides and amino acids
20
Q

Paracrine effect

A
  • ## Histamine stimulates G cells to secrete gastrin to stimulate the gastric acid secretion
21
Q

Somatostatin inhibition of paracrine effect

A
  • Hormone that is a global inhibitor
  • Inhibits secreation of histamines, gastrin and gastric acid secreation
22
Q

Histamine receptor antagonist

A
  • Prevent histamine activation of gastrin-gastric acid secreation
  • Drugs used to treat dyspepsia
23
Q

How does the bacteria Helicobacter pylori effect the stomach?

A
  • Requires treatment with antibiotic
  • Creates the inflammation of gastric mucosa
24
Q

Intrinsic factor

A
  • Responsible for binding to vitamin B12
  • Without binding B12 cannot be absorbed
  • Required for erythropoeisis and DNA formation
25
Q

Intestinal secreations

A
  • Mucus is secreted by the duodenal glands and goblet cells
  • Protection of of duodeum from gastric acids and digestive juices
  • Sucrase, lactase, maltase and amylase digest carbs via glucose transporters
26
Q

Cholecytokinn

A
  • Stimulates the gall bladder contractions, pancreatic enzyme secreation and inhibition of gastric emptying and secretion
27
Q

Secretin

A
  • Stimulates the bicarbonate secretion
  • Inhibition of gastric emptying and secretion
28
Q

Gastric inhibitory peptide

A
  • Inhibition of gastric emptying and secreations
29
Q

Glucagon like peptide

A
  • Inhibition of gastric emptying and secreation
  • Decrease in appetiete
30
Q

Liver

A
  • Recieves 30% cardiac output
  • Contains heptocytes for metabolism
  • Glucose, fat metabolism and protien synthesis
  • Hormone synthesis, detoxification, urea production and storage
31
Q

Gallbladder

A
  • Small pouch like organ under liver
  • Storage of bile and bile is passed from gall to liver via bile ducts
32
Q

Bile

A
  • Non-enzymatic solution secreated from heptocytes
  • Contains bile acids, biliburin and cholesterol
  • Bile salts act as detergents to solublise fat and move them forward in small intestine
33
Q

Process of fat absorption

A
  • Bile salts coat fat droplet forming an emulsion
  • Pancreatic lipase break them into monoglycerides
  • Monoglycerides broken into free fatty acids and cholesterol which diffuse through entrocytes
  • Absorbed fat cholesterol and protiens form chylomicron
  • Chylomicrons are removed through lymphatic system
34
Q

Metabolisation in Pancreas

Exocrine glands

A
  • Mostly exocrine tissue
  • Pancreatic enzymes to aid digestion
  • Alkaline clear milky liquid containing amylase lipase and trypsin
35
Q

Metabolisation in Pancreas

Endocrine glands

A
  • Small percentage in pancreas lots of endocrines
  • Ilets of langahan insulin glucose regulation occours
36
Q

Pancreas secretions

Ancinar cells

A
  • Exocrine cells that release digestive juices send via duct which creates bicarbonate mucus which neutralises the acidic chyme also activates enzymes