Protozoan microorganisms Flashcards
1
Q
Parasite
A
- Living eukaryote organism, which takes its nourishment and other needs from a host.
- Depends on the host for nutrition
- Microbes can establish parasitic relationships with the host
2
Q
ENDOparasites
A
- Inside of the host’s body - Permanently
- Some anaerobes, some aerobes
- Example Protozoa and helminths
3
Q
ECTOparasites
A
- ON the outer surface of the host’s body – temporary or permanent
- Aerobes
- Some ectoparasites serve as vectors of pathogens
- Example ticks, fleas, lice, and mites
4
Q
ENDOPARASITES
Protoza
A
- Monocellular and mostly asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
- Non-motile, those motile use either flagella or
cilia
5
Q
ENDOPARASITES
Helminths
A
- Pluricellular, Parasitic
worms - Sexual reproduction
- Move through muscular contractions
6
Q
Protozoa general characteristics
A
- Chemoheterotrophs
- Preformed organic substances
- Similar requirements of the mammalian cells
- Require high moisture
- Diverse Oxygen requirements
- Parasitic relationship with many hosts
7
Q
Life stages of protazoa
A
- Exists in 2 morphological form
- Trophozoite - motile form, activly feed and multiply and pathogenic form
- Cyst - External non-parasitic form possessing protective membrane or wall
8
Q
Transmission of intestinal protozoa
A
- Transmission of intestinal protozoa that live in a human’s intestine to another human typically
occurs through a fecal-oral route - Contaminate food water pets and waste water
- Multipy in gut and cause infections
9
Q
Medically relevant protozoa
A
- Protozoan infections can be mild in normal individuals, yet life-threatening in immunosuppressed patients
10
Q
Amoebae
A
- Amoeboid movement
- Move by extending pseudopods arm like projections
- Engulf food with pseudopods and phagocytize - feeds on red blood cells
11
Q
Flagellates
A
- One or more flagella
- Intestinal and genito-urinary flagellates
- Blood and tissue flagellates
12
Q
Transmission of blood borne protozoa - Leishmania
A
- Parasitise in mononuclear
phagocytic cells - Leishmania protozoa are usually spread through the bite of infected sand flies
13
Q
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
A
- Affects the skin
14
Q
Mucosal leishmaniasis
A
Affects the mucous membranes of
the nose and mouth, causing sores and destroying tissues
15
Q
Visceral leishmaniasis
A
- Affects the internal organs,
particularly the bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, and spleen
16
Q
Trichomoniasis
A
- Gential tract infection Trichomonas vaginalis
- Common STD
17
Q
Ciliates
A
- Complex protozoa that move by cilia
- Unusually, they have two different types of nuclei
- Transmitted through infected pigs
- Also oral-fecal transmission
18
Q
Sporozoa
A
- Complex life cycles
- Alternating sexual and asexual reproduction, also involving spores
- Usually, they have more than one host
- Diarrheal disease
- Intestinal illness
- Non-motile prodcing protazoa
19
Q
Plasmodium
A
- Responsible for malaria
- Obligate intracellular parasite
20
Q
4 species responsible for malaria
A
- P. malariae
- P. vivax
- P. falciparum
- P. ovale
- P. falciparum
21
Q
Transmission of malaria
A
- Spread to humans by the bite of female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles
- Blood transfusions
- Mother to fetus
22
Q
Endemic
A
- Subtropic
countries with a temperate climate
23
Q
Acute febrile illness
A
- Symptoms after 10-14 days from mosquito’s bite
24
Q
Control of malaria
A
- Vaccine available showing modest efficacy, preventing about 30% of severe malaria cases
25
Q
Drugs that prevent malaria
A
Doxycycline - starting 1 to 2 days before travel
26
Q
Personal protection against bites
A
- DEET 50% insect repellan covering clothes
27
Q
Antiprotozoal drugs
A
- Specific geographic locales
- Unicellular eukaryotes, less easily treated than bacterial infections
- Not completely elucidated
- Toxic effects in the host
- may not be suitable to pregnant
28
Q
Microscopic examination
A
Identify the morphology of microbes in specimens
29
Q
Immunologic tests
A
- Detect antibodies or microbial antigens detect microbial protien
30
Q
Molecular methods
A
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based techniques allow amplification of a known gene of interest
- Nucleic acid sequencing
