Microbe-host interactions: Microbiota and pathogens Flashcards
1
Q
Chemical agents
A
- Disinfection on inanimate objects and antiseptic for human tissue
- Only few chemicalsagen achieve sterility
2
Q
Factors that influence efficacy
A
- Kind of organism
- Degree of contamination
- Time of exposure
- Nature of the material treated
- Concentration of disinfectant
3
Q
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
A
- Administration of specific drugs to treat disease selective toxicity againt pathogen
4
Q
Antibiotics
A
Bacterial infection
5
Q
Selectivity
A
- Take advantage of difference between the structure of bacterial cell
- Concider gram positive and negativ e
- Diffrent spectrum activity
6
Q
Symbiosis
A
Close interaction between two organisms of different species
7
Q
Three symbiotic relationships:
A
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
8
Q
Mutualism
A
- Benefit to the bacteria - place to eat, survive and multiply
- Benefits to the human - Bacteria aid digestion, breaking down food that the host cannot normally digest and producing vitamins
9
Q
Commensalism
A
- Benefit to the bacteria - Acquire nutrients consuming dead skin and a place to live and grow
- Commensal bacteria may become pathogenic and cause disease
10
Q
Parasitism
A
- One partner, the pathogen, harms the host, causing infectious disease
- Benefit to the virus Virus takes advantage of the translational machinery of the cell to replicate
- Harm for the human cells - Viral infections lead to the death of the cells and tissue damage
11
Q
Microbiota
A
- All the microorganisms that live in and on an organism
- 1-3% total body mass
- Generally non-pathogenic
- Symbiotic with host
12
Q
Early Colonization
A
- Developing at birth
- Exposure to microbes from the mother’s birth canal
- Fementate the sugars in breast milk provide calories for baby
- Caesarean delivery provides microbe exposure from
initial caretakers
13
Q
Bifidobacteria
A
Can ferment sugars found in human breast milk provides the infant with calories and lowers the gut pH, limiting growth of pathogens
14
Q
Composition of microbiota
A
- Not static
- It reach a adult-like composition by age
3 - Stable in adult ages without any major physical or lifestyle changes
- Variable from person to person and at different sites within a person
15
Q
Microbiota body sites
A
- Nutrients
- Physical and chemical factors
- Host defenses
- Mechanical factors
16
Q
Microbiota functions
A
- Microbiota functions - short fatty acid chains
- Synthesise and excrete vitamins
- Prevent colonisation by pathogens - competitive exclusion and production and stimulationof antimicrobial molecules
- Stimulate the development of certain tissues
- Immune system stimulation/maturation
- Regulate inflammation
- Modulate and affect the central nervous system
17
Q
Dysbiosis
A
Refers to an imbalance of microbial species and a reduction in microbial diversity within certain bodily
microbiomes
18
Q
Causes of Dysbiosis
A
- Dietary changes
- Antibiotic use
- Psychological
- Physical stress
19
Q
What can Dysbiosis lead to
A
- Can lead to infammation
