Pituitary gland

Question 1

Hypothalamus

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 1

• Releasing factors pass along the portal vessels to reach capillary bed of the anterior pituitary highly profused
• Controls secretion of anterior pituitary hormones

trophs

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Posterior pituitary

Answer 2

• Paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, and the neurons carrying oxytocin and ADH are stored and released
• Neural hormone and there are few glandular cells

trophins

Question 3

Pituitary tumours

Answer 3

• Mostly benign meaning over or under production of hormones (Hyper/Hypo)
• Pressure on surrounding structures such as headaches, visual disturbances

Question 4

GH funtion

Answer 4

• Direct by acting on the liver increases glucogenesis
• This increases protien synthesis in the muscle which causes a decrease in glucose uptake
• increase in lipolysis when there is more adipose tissue
• this decreases glucose uptake

Question 5

Dwafism

Answer 5

• Psychological changes
• tiredness, anxiety and depression
• Osteoporosis
• Poor muscular tone, decrease in lean body
  mass
• Impaired hair growth
• Increase in adipose tissue (especially around
  the waist)

Question 6

Giantism

Answer 6

• coarsening of facial features
• enlarged hands and feet
• headaches, vision disturbance
• sleep apnoea, general tiredness
• hypertension, cardiomegaly pumping to carry blood around bosy
• glucose intolerance (diabetes)
• irregular or loss of periods (females);
  impotence (males)

Question 7

Thyroid gland

Answer 7

• Thyroxine (T4) secreated by follicular cells
• Highly bound to the plasma protien therefore inactive
• T3 is more biologically active than T4

Question 8

Function

Thyroid gland

Answer 8

• Responsible for basal retabolic rate sugar at and protien

Question 9

Somatotropin

Answer 9

• Growth hormone

Question 10

Somatotropin

Answer 10

• Growth hormone act on the liver as a primary target which regulates the metabolism
• Indirectally stimulates the insulin growth factors
• Secreated by acidophillic cells of antiror prituitary glands but stored as granules
• Drop in blood glucose stimulates growth hormone release

Question 11

Pituitary tumour

Answer 11

• Pituitary benign and it is slow growing
• Over and under production of hormones
• Pressures such as headaches and visual disterbance

Question 12

Tropic

Answer 12

Turing effecting the activity of an endocrine gland

Question 13

Tropic

Answer 13

Feeds and promotes groth of new cells

Question 14

Process of sex hormone release

Answer 14

• Gonards releasing hormone