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PMP 101 Health, Disease and Patient > Pituitary hormones & Insulin > Flashcards

Pituitary hormones & Insulin Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure of adrenal gland

Zona glomerulosa

A
  • Contains plenty of enzymes that convert cholesterol to aldersterone
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2
Q

Zona fasciculata

A

enzymes that convert cholesterol to cortisol

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3
Q

Zona reticularis

A

Enzymes to convert cholesterol to dehydroepiandrostrone

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4
Q

Chromaffin cells

A

Sympathetic innovation to release noadreline and adranaline

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5
Q

Aldersterone funtion

A
  • Sodium reabsorbtion increase
  • Increase in the absorbtion of water
  • Increase of potassium secreation in urine
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6
Q

Hypoaldersteronism

A
  • Decrease in enzyme required to synthesise aldersterone
  • Causes Hyperkalaemia, Hyponatremia and Hypovolemia
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7
Q

Hyperaldersteronism

A
  • Excess aldersterone levels (Conn’s disease)
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8
Q

Androgens

A
  • Steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of MALE characteristics
  • Regulated by the level of ACTH
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9
Q

Hypoandrosteronism

A
  • Deficiency in the enzyme required for synthesis DHEA
  • Could cause loss of energy and erectile disfuntion
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10
Q

Excess DHEA level

A

Excess hair (pubic and auxiliary hair growth) masculinisation

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11
Q

Cortisol

A
  • Steroid hormone that regulates the glucose metabolism
  • Secreation regulated by the level of ACTH
  • In adipose take glucose and lipogenisis this increase liposis
  • Muscle increase in breakdown of protiens decrease glucose uptake
  • increase in glucogenesis in the liver
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12
Q

Tumour in pituitary

A
  • Increases excess cortisol and ATCH 80% chance
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13
Q

Cushing’s syndrome (excess glucocorticoids)

A
  • Obesity with thin arms and legs
  • Buffalo hump
  • High BP and blood sugar
  • vertigo
  • Blurry vision
  • Pink streach marks at the back and stomach due to collogen breakdown
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14
Q

Adrenal insufficiency

Addison’s disease

A
  • Not producing sufficient cortisol and aldersterone
  • hair loss
  • blur in vision abdomin pain
  • darkening of skin
  • Weight loss
  • Postural hypotension
  • ATCH production increase increase in melanin in skin
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15
Q

Posterior pituitary hormone

A
  • Para ventricular and supratropic nuclei and the neurone carry oxitcin and ADH
  • Stimulated by Hypovolemia, Hyperosmolality and Hypotension
    -Stimulate ACTH release
  • Vasoconstriction (at higher [ADH])
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16
Q

Decreases level ADH

A

diabetes insipidus (DI): polyuria and polydipsia
Pituitary DI:
Inadequate release of ADH
Nephrogenic DI:
Dysfunction of receptors in collecting ducts

17
Q

increase in ADH

A
  • Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
  • CNS pathologies, malignancy, CNS drugs
  • Retention of water in the body, highly concentrated urine
  • Hyponaterimia (dilution effect not sodium loss)
18
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • Stimulate expression of breast milk (positive feedback axis)
  • Maternal and sexual social bonding
  • Causes utrine smooth muscle contration
  • Admister during labour to contract and dialate utrine

secreated from prosterior pituitary gland

19
Q

Pancreas and hormones

A
  • Mostly exocrine glands responsible for digestion
  • Ilests of langahan which contain alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells and
20
Q

Alpha cells

A

Secrete glucagon which increases glucose production

21
Q

Beta cells

A

Secreate Insulin which reduces production of glucose

22
Q

Delta cells

A

Secreate stomatostain which is a a global inhibitor

23
Q

Insulin

A
  • Peptide hormone
  • 51 amino acids ( A - 21aa and B - 30aa)
  • Molecular weight 5800
  • 3 disulfide bridges
  • Half life 5-9 and free move in blood not bound to protiens
24
Q

Proinsulin to insulin

A
  • Splice proinsulin using proconvertase 1 & 2
  • Futher 3 amino acids need to be spliced using carboxypeptidase
  • 1 insulin formation also forms 1 c peptide
25
Q

Storage of insulin in beta cells

A
  • 6 insulin molecules bind with the central zinc core (hexomer)
26
Q

liver

Insulin function

A
  • Decrease blood glucose levels by stimulating glugose uptake into live
  • Promotes glycogen synthesis when energy is needed it is given back
  • Inhibit gluconeogenisis and breakdown of glycogen breakdown
27
Q

Muscle

Insulin function

A
  • Stimulates protien synethis takes glucose as a substrate
  • Metabolised and build protien
  • Reduced protien breakdown

Anabolic process

28
Q

Adipose tissue

Insulin function

A
  • Stimulates glucose uptake and lipogenesis storage
  • Inhibit breakdown of lipid molecule

PMP 101 Health, Disease and Patient (64 decks)

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