Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PMP 101 Health, Disease and Patient > Reproductive system 2 > Flashcards

Reproductive system 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Endocrine System hormones

A
  • Collection of glands located throughout the body that manufacture and secrete hormones to regulate physiological function
  • Produced by ductless glands within the endocrine system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major endocrine gland

A
  • Adrenal glands
  • Hypothalamus
  • Ovaries and testes
  • Pancreas
  • Thyroid and parathyroid
  • Pineal gland
  • Pituitary gland
  • Thymus gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Classes of hormones

Hormones derived from amino acids

A
  • Dopamine, epinephrine that have a tyrosine precoursor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classes of hormones

Proteins and peptides

A

Insulin and growth hormone are examples of protien hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classes of hormones

Hormones derived from lipids

A
  • Prostaglandins are derived from phospholipids
  • Steroids derived from cholesterol
  • Most RH steroids but stimulated by other classes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reproductive hormones

A

Synthesised and secreted Increasing at puberty and normally decreasing in old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cholesterol acts as a precoursor for

A
  • Steroid hormones
  • Adrenal steroids
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Mineralcorticoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Structure of cholesterol

A
  • 4 cycloalkane rings
  • Large hydrocarbon chain
  • Essential component of cellular membrane
  • From diet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Reproductive hormones

A
  • Sex steroids or steroid hormones
  • Produced mainly by the gonads (ovaries and testes)
  • Some production by placenta, adrenal glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classes of Reporductive hormone

A
  • Oestrogens
  • Androgens
  • Progestogens
  • These bind with the respective receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oestrogens

A
  • Oestradiol
  • Oestrone
  • Oestriol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Androgens

A
  • Testosterone
  • 5a-dihydrotestosterone
  • Androstenedione
  • Dehydroepiandrosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Major functions of
reproductive hormones

A
  • Binds to the complementory receptor on target tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Primary role of reproductive organs

A

Maturation of reproductive organs, fertility and pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Secondary role of reproductive hormones

A
  • Development of physical characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Testes anatomy where is hormone produced?

A
  • Testosterone is produced in Leydig cells
17
Q

Ovarian anatomy steroid hormone
production

A
  • Ovarian granulosa cells produce oestrogen
18
Q

Where are androgens produced

A

Ovarian theca cells

19
Q

Where is progesterone produced

A
  • placenta - placental syncytiotrophoblasts
  • Eventually takes over from corpus luteum
20
Q

Generic mechanism of action

A
  • Hormones enter cells
  • Hormones bind to intracellular receptor
  • Conformation change and translocation
  • DNA binding
  • Gene expression
21
Q

Regulation of gonadal steroidogenesis

A
  • Regulation via the HPG axis hypothalamus, pituitary and gonad
22
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Small structure at base of forebrain
  • Hypothalamus releases GnRH
  • Released into blood
  • Reach pituitary
23
Q

Pituitary

A
  • Pea-sized gland located at the base of the
    skull ventral to the hypothalamus
  • Posterior and anterior lobes
  • Anterior pituitary contains specialised cells
  • GnRH stimulates gonadotropes to
  • Produce gonadotrophins
24
Q

What produces gonadotrophins

A
  • glycoproteins
  • FSH (follicular stimulating hormone)
  • LH (Lutenising hormone)
  • hCG
25
Q

LH main functions

A
  • In females acts on ovarian follicle inducing ovulation
  • Acts on testes producing testosterone
26
Q

FSH main functions

A
  • In females promotes ovarian follicle development
    & oestrogen production
  • In males it stimulates spermatogenesis in testes
27
Q

HPG axis (LH)

A
  • Hypothalamus stimulates the GnRH and the fast GnRH pulse causes LH synthesis and secreation
  • LH stimulates the steroidogenesis and reproductive hormone synthesis
  • Physological effects
28
Q

HPG axis (FSH)

A
  • Hypothalamus stimulates the GnRH and the slow GnRH pulse causes FSH synthesis and secreation
  • FSH stimulates the steroidogenesis and reproductive hormone synthesis
  • Physological effects
29
Q

Negative feedback

A

Decreases level of signal and maintains homeostasis

30
Q

Direct negative feedback

A
  • Steroid hormones testosterone/oestrogen decrease secretion of gonadotrophins
31
Q

Indirect negative feedback

A
  • Steroid hormones inhibit their own production indirectly by inhibiting hypothalamus GnRH
  • Decreased pituitary gonadotrophin secretion
  • Reduced steroid hormone production
32
Q

Negative regulation of steroidogenesis
by inhibin

A
  • Protein hormone and in females, released by granulosa cells in response to FSH
  • In males, produced by Sertoli cells in response to androgens
  • Negative regulator of FSH
33
Q

Positive feedback

A
  • Leads to an increase in hormone level
  • Occurs within follicular phase of uterine cycle
  • Oestrogen-induced LH to trigger ovulation

PMP 101 Health, Disease and Patient (64 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions