Reproductive System Flashcards
What does the the reproductive system do?
- Production of male and female gametes
- Enhance fertilisation of sperm with oocytes
Reproductive hormones
Structure of male reproductive system
- Testes, penis
- Ducts - Epididymis, Ductus deferens and Urethra
- Glands - Seminal vesicles, Prostate
Structure of the testes
- Connective tissue forming lobes
- Seminiferous tubules that produce sperm
- Leydig cells outside seminiferous produce testosterone
- Rete testis - Efferent ductules
- Epididymis
- Ductus deferens
Define Gametogenesis
- Formation of male and female gametes
- oogenesis in females and spermatogenesis in males occluding in the gonads
Gametogenesis process
- Meioses where one cell goes through 2 divisions where 4 daughter cells are produced
- Half the number of chromosomes in parent cell
- During fertilisation zygote receives 1 set of chromosomes (23) from each parent
Seminiferous tubule
- Found and matured in the lumen and immature outside
- Leydig cells testosterone production
- Partially imbedded
•Sertoli cells nourish the germ cells and produce hormones partially imbedded
Spermatogenesis
- Spermatogonia - mitosis to form spermatocytes
- Spermatocytes meiosis into spermatids
- Spermatids differentiate to spermatozoa
- Takes 74 days to complete
Function of testes exocrine
- Production of sperm
Function of testes endocrine
- Produce hormone
Germ cells
- Immature at the periphery
- Maturation near the lumen
- Mature sperm has head tail and mid piece
How are germ cells transported
- Through seminiferous tubules and ducts to the exterior of the body
- Via rete testis to epididymis
- Complete maturation
Ductus deferens
- Loops behind the urinary bladder
- Peristaltic waves to propel the sperm to approach the prostate gland
- Seminal vesicles semen
- Prostate semen surrounds urethra
Semen secretion
- Nutrients such as fructose
- pH regulators
- Coagulation proteins prolong time in vagina
- Proteolytic enzymes – release sperm
Structure of female reproductive system
- Ovary
- Lies close to oviduct
- Uterine tube / fallopian tube/oviduct
- Uterus
- Vagina
Stratum compactum layer of Endometrium
- Cuboidal ciliated epithelium which is a cuboidal ciliated epithelium
Endometrium
Stratum spongiosum
Loose connective
tissue
Endometrium
Stratum basale
Slough during menstruation
Myometrium
3 layers of smooth muscle
Perimetrium
- Contains the peritonium
Fallopian tubes
Uterine tubes or Oviducts
Structure of Fallopian tubes
Isthmus
- Narrowing of the layer of the vagina
Structure of fallopian tube
Ampulla
swelling during fertilization usually occurs here
Fallopian tubes component
Infundibulum
- Fimbrae that collect egg when released from ovary
Outer layer of Ovary
- Connective tissue – ovarian follicles
- Oocyte are female sex cells
Centre of the overies
- Blood vessels nervous
tissue - Developing follicles (cellular structures)
- Surrounding developing oocytes
follicular development
- At birth Primordial follicles are present
- During puberty Oocyte enlarges and develops granulosa cells causing build up
- Secondary follicle fluid filled vesicles and thecal cells form
Grafian follicle (Maturation)
- Ruptures and secondary oocyte surrounded by cells released during ovulation
Primary follicle
- Surrounded by granulosa layer & increases as more mature
- Secrete oestrogen rich fluid into space surrounding oocyte called Antrum
- Outer layer of granulosa cells condenses into layer of theca cells
Oogenesis
- Process of creation of an ovum from precursor cells begins prior to birth
- primordial germ cells (oogonia) in foetal ovary
Process of Oogenesis
- Mitosis of primordial cells (oogonia)
- Early meiosis of primary oocytes
- Late meiosis of secondary oocyte
follicular and oocyte
development
- Follicle development 28 days
- Generally only one follicles forms a mature follicle rest degenerate
Post ovulation
- Forms corpus luteum if pregnant then enlarges and persists
- If not pregnant then corpus luteum lasts 10-12 days and degenerates
