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PMP 101 Health, Disease and Patient > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the the reproductive system do?

A
  • Production of male and female gametes
  • Enhance fertilisation of sperm with oocytes
    Reproductive hormones
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2
Q

Structure of male reproductive system

A
  • Testes, penis
  • Ducts - Epididymis, Ductus deferens and Urethra
  • Glands - Seminal vesicles, Prostate
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3
Q

Structure of the testes

A
  • Connective tissue forming lobes
  • Seminiferous tubules that produce sperm
  • Leydig cells outside seminiferous produce testosterone
  • Rete testis - Efferent ductules
  • Epididymis
  • Ductus deferens
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4
Q

Define Gametogenesis

A
  • Formation of male and female gametes
  • oogenesis in females and spermatogenesis in males occluding in the gonads
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5
Q

Gametogenesis process

A
  • Meioses where one cell goes through 2 divisions where 4 daughter cells are produced
  • Half the number of chromosomes in parent cell
  • During fertilisation zygote receives 1 set of chromosomes (23) from each parent
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6
Q

Seminiferous tubule

A
  • Found and matured in the lumen and immature outside
  • Leydig cells testosterone production
  • Partially imbedded
    •Sertoli cells nourish the germ cells and produce hormones partially imbedded
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7
Q

Spermatogenesis

A
  • Spermatogonia - mitosis to form spermatocytes
  • Spermatocytes meiosis into spermatids
  • Spermatids differentiate to spermatozoa
  • Takes 74 days to complete
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8
Q

Function of testes exocrine

A
  • Production of sperm
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9
Q

Function of testes endocrine

A
  • Produce hormone
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10
Q

Germ cells

A
  • Immature at the periphery
  • Maturation near the lumen
  • Mature sperm has head tail and mid piece
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11
Q

How are germ cells transported

A
  • Through seminiferous tubules and ducts to the exterior of the body
  • Via rete testis to epididymis
  • Complete maturation
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12
Q

Ductus deferens

A
  • Loops behind the urinary bladder
  • Peristaltic waves to propel the sperm to approach the prostate gland
  • Seminal vesicles semen
  • Prostate semen surrounds urethra
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13
Q

Semen secretion

A
  • Nutrients such as fructose
  • pH regulators
  • Coagulation proteins prolong time in vagina
  • Proteolytic enzymes – release sperm
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14
Q

Structure of female reproductive system

A
  • Ovary
  • Lies close to oviduct
  • Uterine tube / fallopian tube/oviduct
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
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15
Q

Stratum compactum layer of Endometrium

A
  • Cuboidal ciliated epithelium which is a cuboidal ciliated epithelium
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16
Q

Endometrium

Stratum spongiosum

A

Loose connective
tissue

17
Q

Endometrium

Stratum basale

A

Slough during menstruation

18
Q

Myometrium

A

3 layers of smooth muscle

19
Q

Perimetrium

A
  • Contains the peritonium
20
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Uterine tubes or Oviducts

21
Q

Structure of Fallopian tubes

Isthmus

A
  • Narrowing of the layer of the vagina
22
Q

Structure of fallopian tube

Ampulla

A

swelling during fertilization usually occurs here

23
Q

Fallopian tubes component

Infundibulum

A
  • Fimbrae that collect egg when released from ovary
24
Q

Outer layer of Ovary

A
  • Connective tissue – ovarian follicles
  • Oocyte are female sex cells
25
Q

Centre of the overies

A
  • Blood vessels nervous
    tissue
  • Developing follicles (cellular structures)
  • Surrounding developing oocytes
26
Q

follicular development

A
  • At birth Primordial follicles are present
  • During puberty Oocyte enlarges and develops granulosa cells causing build up
  • Secondary follicle fluid filled vesicles and thecal cells form
27
Q

Grafian follicle (Maturation)

A
  • Ruptures and secondary oocyte surrounded by cells released during ovulation
28
Q

Primary follicle

A
  • Surrounded by granulosa layer & increases as more mature
  • Secrete oestrogen rich fluid into space surrounding oocyte called Antrum
  • Outer layer of granulosa cells condenses into layer of theca cells
29
Q

Oogenesis

A
  • Process of creation of an ovum from precursor cells begins prior to birth
  • primordial germ cells (oogonia) in foetal ovary
30
Q

Process of Oogenesis

A
  • Mitosis of primordial cells (oogonia)
  • Early meiosis of primary oocytes
  • Late meiosis of secondary oocyte
31
Q

follicular and oocyte
development

A
  • Follicle development 28 days
  • Generally only one follicles forms a mature follicle rest degenerate
32
Q

Post ovulation

A
  • Forms corpus luteum if pregnant then enlarges and persists
  • If not pregnant then corpus luteum lasts 10-12 days and degenerates

PMP 101 Health, Disease and Patient (64 decks)

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