Brain structure & Nervous system Flashcards
CNS
Epydemal cells
Has cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis, brain metabolism, and the clearance of waste from the brain. Barrier between compartments
CNS
Astrocytes
Regulate blood flow, but also transfer mitochondria to neurons, and supply the building blocks of neurotransmitters, which fuel neuronal metabolism take up K+
Microglia
- Immune cells of the brain (phagocytes & debris of cell)
- secrete neurotrophic factors
- Helps formation of blood barriers
- Provides substrates for ATP production
CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Myelin sheath
Function of
Cerebellum
- Involved in movement coodination and posture
- Rate, range, and direction of movement visual, auditory, motor and vestibular
Dicephalon
- Involved in regulation of the autonomic and endoctrine systems
- Contains Thalymus, Subthalymus, Hypothalymus Epithalymus
Brainsteam
Involved in sensory motor relays and vital autonomic funtions
Spinal cord
Relays information from body to brain
Cerebral hemisphere
Responsible for processing and memory
Cerebrum
- Divided into left right hemispheres joined by white matter (corpus callosum) large neural axon
- Gray matter involved in abstract resoning and language
Frontal lobe
- Primary motor cortex (prostierior) for movement & memory
- Premotor for planning movements
- Has Broca’s area and motor cortex
Parietal lobe
- Somatosensory cortex for auditory and visual heat and pain response to sensory neurones
Occupital lobe
- Has visual cortex processing images to the brain
Temporal lobe
- Understanding language in Wernicke’s area
- Auditory cortex is where information is recieved
Thalamus
- Relays sensory information
- Thalamatic nucleus sends information and receives from sensory cortex
Hypothalamus
- Both endocrine and nervous facilitates for homeostasis
- Emotional response, body temperature, regulate food intake, water baelence
Afferent
To CNS from PNS
Sensory neurone
- Enter spinal cord through dorsal horn
- Cell body resides in the dorsal horn
Motor neurone
- Exits spinal cord through ventral horn
- Resides in the spinal cord
CNS
- Control of the brain and the spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
- Controls the sensory and the motor nerves
- 31 pairs spinal nerves & gaglion
Stomatic nervous system
- Motor nerves to skeletal muscles (efferent)
- Sensory nerves from sense organs (afferent)
Autonomic nervous system
- Motor nerves to smooth muscle (efferent)
- Sensory nerves from internal receptors (afferent)
