Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

• Maintains internal environment
• Mostly involuntary
• Controls circulation, digestion and excreation

Question 2

ANS input (afferent)

Answer 2

Sensory neurones from peripheral organs to centre of hypothalamus, medulla

Question 3

ANS output (efferent)

Answer 3

• Syspathetic or parasymethetic neurones
• Activate same organ
• Opposing effects liked by reflex arcs

Question 4

Viceral sensory neurones

Answer 4

• monitor temp, pain, irritation, chemical change and streach in organ
• Receptors scattered localisation poor don’t know where its generated
• Sensory fibres run together with autonomic output neurone

Question 5

ANS nerve controls

Answer 5

• Smooth muscle - bronchioles, iris digestive system bladder
• Cardiac muscle
• Secreatory gland

Question 6

Spinal reflex arc

Answer 6

• Stimulus to spinal cord integrated then to the preganglionic axon causing a response
• long reflex

Question 7

Control of Autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

• Processed in cerbral cortex hat can process autonomic functions such as breathing

Question 8

Sympathetic

Answer 8

• Fight or flight
• Short term survival increase energy availability
• Increase heart rate
• Increase lung capacity
• Increase blood flow to essensial skeletal muscle

Question 9

Parasympathetic

Answer 9

• Rest and digest
• Long term survival reduces energy availability
• Decrease heart rate
• Decreases lung capacity
• Decreases blood flow to skeletal muscle

Question 10

Autonomic ganglion

Answer 10

• 2 neurone series cell body of 1st neurone synapses to second neuron to the organ
• Pre-ganglionic neurone - before the autonomic ganglion
• Post-ganglionic - after the autonomic ganglion

Question 11

Paraympathetic neurones

Answer 11

• Controls the heart and the lungs
• long 1st neurone then short neurone
• 1st is meylinated and release acytyl choline
• 2nd releases acytyl choline again

Question 12

Sympathetic neurone

Answer 12

• Both neurones are short
• 1st neurone releases acyel choline and is meylinated
• Release noradrenaline on smooth muscle 2nd neurone

Question 13

Ionotropic Receptor

Answer 13

• Binding site and channel combined
• No second messenger
• Rapid response

Question 14

Metabotropic receptor

Answer 14

• Binding site not combined with a channel
• 2nd messenger/GPCR
• Slower response

Question 15

Nictoinic

Answer 15

5 subunits
2 Ach binding sites
(Skeletal muscle), autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla
Ionotropic / ligand gated

Question 16

Muscarinic

Answer 16

7-TM GPCR
3 subtypes
M1 - brain, parietal cells (excitatory)
M2 – heart (inhibitory)
M3 - smooth muscle, glands, (excitatory)

Question 17

Post synamptic receptor

Answer 17

• Drug targeting receptor both have the Nicotinic ACH R receptor between 1st and 2nd receptor

Question 18

Adrenoceptors

Answer 18

• G-protein coupled receptors (metabotropic)
• Respond to adrenaline, noradenaline
• Noradrenaline actions depending on target
  Depending on the downstream molecules that they activate

Question 19

Sypathetic effect on bronchodilation

Answer 19

• Relaxes the muscle by the beta adrenoreceptors