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SL22044 Neuroscience > Stroke and excitotoxicity first half 1.0 > Flashcards

Stroke and excitotoxicity first half 1.0 Flashcards

1
Q

What does stroke cause?

A

Neuronal cell death

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the root cause of a stroke?

A

Transient or permanent interruption in cerebral blood supply

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3
Q

What is ischaemia?

A

A lack of blood supply to a part of the body

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4
Q

Two main causes of stroke?

A

Ischaemic and haemorrhagic

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5
Q

What causes an ischaemic stroke?

A

Blocked blood vessels

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6
Q

What causes a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Ruptured blood vessels

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7
Q

What are the two types of ischaemic stroke?

A

Thrombotic or embolic

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8
Q

What is a thrombotic blockage?

A

A blockage caused by the blood clotting

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9
Q

What is an embolic blockage?

A

Things like air or fat blocking the blood vessels

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10
Q

Which type of stroke is more fatal?

A

Haemorrhagic

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11
Q

What are the two types of haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Intracerebral or subarachnoid

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12
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Ruptured blood vessel is inside the brain/provides blood to the centre of the brain

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13
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Ruptured blood vessels are around the outside of the brain

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14
Q

Symptoms of stroke?

A

Face falling on one side, difficulty raising arms, slurred speech

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15
Q

Time issue with stroke?

A

Must be treated within 3 hrs

16
Q

What is necrosis?

A

cell/tissue death

17
Q

Two regions of damage post-stroke?

A

Core and penumbra

18
Q

What is the core of a stroke?

A

Where the ischaemia first happened

19
Q

What is the penumbra in a stroke?

A

The region around the core

20
Q

What happens to the core and penumbra regions of a stroke if treatment isnt applied?

A

The core will grow into the penumbra, damaging more regions of the brain

21
Q

What is the primary cause of cell death in stroke?

A

Excitotoxicity

22
Q

What causes excitotixicity?

A

Excessive release of glutamate

23
Q

What happens at the postsynaptic neuron as a result of excessive glutamate release?

A

A Ca2+ overload

24
Q

What allows neurons to have a resting membrane potential of -70mV

A

The sodium potassium pump

25
Q

Concentration difference of Na+ in neuronal cells?

A

Higher outside than inside

26
Q

Conc grad of K+ in neuronal cells?

A

Higher inside than outside

27
Q

What is required for the Na K pump to work?

A

ATP

28
Q

Why does ischaemia cause neuronal cell death?

A

A lack of oxygen/glucose to the neurons

29
Q

Why does a lack of oxygen/glucose to neurons cause excitotoxicity?

A

Cant generate ATP to fund NaK pump

30
Q

What happens if the NaK pump stops working?

A

The resting potential goes from -70 to +40, all affected neurons will depolarise

31
Q

What happens if the presynaptic neuron depolarises?

A

Ca2+ flows in and causes the release of glutamate

SL22044 Neuroscience (40 decks)

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