Glia 1 Flashcards
Four types of glia?
Astrocyte, microglia, oligodendroglia, schwann cell
Roles of oligodendrocytes and schwann cells?
Myelinate the neurones
Location of oligodendrocytes?
Brain, SC (CNS)
Location of schwann cells?
PNS
WHat are neural cells?
Neurons or glia
Two subtypes of glia?
Macroglia and microglia
Four types of macroglia?
Astrocytes, radial glia, oligodendroglia, schwann cells
Role of myelinating glia?
Encase the axon with a myelin sheath
Role of myelin sheath?
Insulates axons and speeds up the rate of nerve conduction of AP along axons
Roles of radial glia?
Provide scaffolding during nervous system development, pathways for migrating cells
Produce matrix and adhesion proteins
Why are radial glia no longer needed into adulthood?
No more neuronal migration is occurring
Radial glia role in adults?
Persits in cerebellum (Bergmann glia) and retina (Muller cells)
Role of cerebral spinal fluid?
brain health, allows movement of various molecules
Where are ependymal cells found?
Lining walls of fluid filled ventricles in the brain
Functional component of ependymal cells?
Beating cilia that allows movement of cerebral spinal fluid over the brain and SC
Embryonic origin of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes?
Neural tube
Embryonic origin of schwann cells?
Neural crese
Origin of microglia?
Derived from macrophages (blood)
Embryonic origin of microglia?
Blood cells that develop in the placental yolk region
Which two cell types can neuroepithelial stem cells develop into?
Neurons or glial-restricted precursors
Which cell types can glial-restricted precursors differentiate into?
Astrocyte precursor cells or O2A progenitors
Which cell types can O2A progenitors differentiate into?
Oligodendrocytes or type 2 astrocytes
Which cell type does astrocyte precursor cell differentiate into?
Type 1 astrocytes
Which type of astrocyte is mainly found in the brain?
Type 1
Which cell type that was made in culture has not been identified in the brain?
Type 2 astrocytes
Role of projections coming out of astrocytes?
Make contact with other cells in the environment
Role of projections coming out of oligodendrocytes?
Wrap around axons to make the myelin sheath
Where do the majority of microglia come from?
Placental yolk
What happens to microglia in development after being generated by macrophages?
They migrate to the brain
Other, smaller, way of microglia entering the brian?
Cells generated in the bone marrow go to the blood, then enter the brain, then become microglia
