Anxiety and anxiolytics first half 1.0

Question 2

What is anxiety?

Answer 2

a normal, physiological response to threatening situations that serves as a protective function

Question 3

What is pathological anxiety?

Answer 3

concern about stressor is out of proportion to the realistic threat and can occur without exposure to an external stressor

Question 4

How many people in the UK are affected by anxiety disorders?

Answer 4

8 million

Question 5

Examples of anxiety disorders?

Answer 5

Specific phobias, social anxiety, panic disorder, PTSD, OCD, Generalised anxiety disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 6

length of generalised anxiety disorder?

Answer 6

6 months

Question 7

What are the core symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer 7

Negative cognition, physiology (heart racing etc), avoidance behaviour

Question 8

What is negative cognition?

Answer 8

A bias to interpret unthreatening situations as threatening

Question 9

Physiological symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer 9

Racing heart, restlessness, sweating, increased blood pressure

Question 10

Part of anxiety disorder that the cortex is involved in?

Answer 10

negative cognition

Question 11

Part of anxiety disorder that hippocampus the is involved in?

Answer 11

Memory

Question 12

Part of anxiety disorder that the amygdala is involved in?

Answer 12

fear perception

Question 13

Part of anxiety disorder that the hypothalamus is involved in?

Answer 13

Stress responsiveness

Question 14

Part of anxiety disorder that the basal ganglia/cerebellum are involved in?

Answer 14

movement control

Question 15

What hormone is released upon the perception of stress?

Answer 15

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 16

Which part of the brain releases Corticotropin releasing hormone?

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

Question 17

Where is Corticotropin releasing hormone released onto?

Answer 17

Pituitary gland

Question 18

Which stress related hormone is released by the pituitary gland?

Answer 18

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 19

Where is ACTH released onto?

Answer 19

The adrenal gland

Question 20

What is produced by the adrenal glands in response to ACTH?

Answer 20

Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol

Question 21

Why is cortisol released in response to stress?

Answer 21

To give you the energy for the fight or flight response, as it is responsible for metabolism of glucose and lipids

Question 22

Where is adrenaline released from in response to stress?

Answer 22

Adrenal glands

Question 23

Which brain area is first used in the fear response and why?

Answer 23

Thalamus as it deals with sensory stuff

Question 24

Which brain area is used after the thalamus in the fear response?

Answer 24

Amygdala

Question 25

Role of amygdala in fear response?

Answer 25

Switching on amine NTs (noradrenaline etc)

Question 26

Role of periaqueductal grey in fear response?

Answer 26

Innate avoidance behaviour (e.g. stepping back)

Question 27

Which brain area releases cortisol in response to stress?

Answer 27

Hypothalamus

Question 28

Where are most anxiety disorders thought to originate?

Answer 28

Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

Question 29

Why is noradrenaline released in the fear response?

Answer 29

Need to be hyper aware of your surroundings

Question 30

Which NTs are implicated in the fear response?

Answer 30

Serotonin and noradrenaline

Question 31

Role of GABAa networks?

Answer 31

Fast inhibition