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SL22044 Neuroscience > General anaesthetics first half 1.0 > Flashcards

General anaesthetics first half 1.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Objective of anaesthesia?

A

Inducing a lack of feeling (lack of sensation and pain)

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2
Q

Who was the father of surgical anaesthesia?

A

Hua Tuo

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3
Q

Who was the first surgeon who used NO2 as a GA?

A

Crawford Long

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4
Q

Triad of general anaesthetics?

A

Unconsciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation

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5
Q

How many stages of anaesthesia are there?

A

4

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6
Q

What is stage 1 of anaesthesia?

A

Analgesia

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7
Q

Conditions of stage 1 of anaesthesia?

A

conscious, drowsy, antinociception, amnesia

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8
Q

What is stage 2 of anaesthesia?

A

Excitement

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9
Q

Conditions of stage 2 of anaesthesia?

A

loss of consciousness, delirium, irregular cardiorespiration, apnea, spasticity, gagging, vomiting

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10
Q

What is stage 3 of anaesthesia?

A

Anaesthesia

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11
Q

Conditions of stage 3 of anaesthesia?

A

regular respiration, loss of reflex and muscle tone

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12
Q

What is stage 4 of anaesthesia?

A

medullary paralysis

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13
Q

Conditions of stage 4 of anaesthesia?

A

Depression of cardiorespiration, death

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14
Q

Why is stage 1 of GA used for childbirth?

A

Want some lack of sensation but still need to be awake

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15
Q

How do you go from one stage of GA to a higher stage?

A

Increase the dose or potency of the GA

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16
Q

Which compound is used to induce stage 1 GA?

A

N2O

17
Q

Which stage of GA causes erratic breathing?

A

2

18
Q

What is a warning sign to an anaesthetist that a patient is too deeply anaesthetised?

A

Action of intercostal muscles decreasing

19
Q

What are the four stages of stage 3 of GA?

A

Planes 1,2,3, and 4

20
Q

When is the pupilary light reflex visible?

A

S3, planes 2-end of 3

21
Q

When during GA does the corneal reflex stop?

A

S3P2

22
Q

Precise aim of GA?

A

S3, P1 OR 2

23
Q

When in GA is the respiratory response to skin inscision lost?

A

Midway through S3P2

24
Q

When during GA are the muscles tense and struggling?

A

S2

25
Q

Super ideal GA?

A

Stable, potent, non toxic, controllable, rapid on off, adjustable, minimal cardio and respiratory depressant

26
Q

Why does the ideal GA need to be rapid on?

A

Through S2 quickly

27
Q

Why does the ideal GA need to be rapid off?

A

Able to titrate dose depending on their reaction, to keep them in S3

28
Q

Why is xenon not used as a GA?

A

V expensive

29
Q

2 main types of administering GAs?

A

Inhalation and intravenous

SL22044 Neuroscience (40 decks)

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