General anaesthetics first half 1.0 Flashcards

1
Q

Objective of anaesthesia?

A

Inducing a lack of feeling (lack of sensation and pain)

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2
Q

Who was the father of surgical anaesthesia?

A

Hua Tuo

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3
Q

Who was the first surgeon who used NO2 as a GA?

A

Crawford Long

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4
Q

Triad of general anaesthetics?

A

Unconsciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation

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5
Q

How many stages of anaesthesia are there?

A

4

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6
Q

What is stage 1 of anaesthesia?

A

Analgesia

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7
Q

Conditions of stage 1 of anaesthesia?

A

conscious, drowsy, antinociception, amnesia

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8
Q

What is stage 2 of anaesthesia?

A

Excitement

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9
Q

Conditions of stage 2 of anaesthesia?

A

loss of consciousness, delirium, irregular cardiorespiration, apnea, spasticity, gagging, vomiting

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10
Q

What is stage 3 of anaesthesia?

A

Anaesthesia

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11
Q

Conditions of stage 3 of anaesthesia?

A

regular respiration, loss of reflex and muscle tone

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12
Q

What is stage 4 of anaesthesia?

A

medullary paralysis

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13
Q

Conditions of stage 4 of anaesthesia?

A

Depression of cardiorespiration, death

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14
Q

Why is stage 1 of GA used for childbirth?

A

Want some lack of sensation but still need to be awake

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15
Q

How do you go from one stage of GA to a higher stage?

A

Increase the dose or potency of the GA

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16
Q

Which compound is used to induce stage 1 GA?

17
Q

Which stage of GA causes erratic breathing?

18
Q

What is a warning sign to an anaesthetist that a patient is too deeply anaesthetised?

A

Action of intercostal muscles decreasing

19
Q

What are the four stages of stage 3 of GA?

A

Planes 1,2,3, and 4

20
Q

When is the pupilary light reflex visible?

A

S3, planes 2-end of 3

21
Q

When during GA does the corneal reflex stop?

22
Q

Precise aim of GA?

A

S3, P1 OR 2

23
Q

When in GA is the respiratory response to skin inscision lost?

A

Midway through S3P2

24
Q

When during GA are the muscles tense and struggling?

25
Super ideal GA?
Stable, potent, non toxic, controllable, rapid on off, adjustable, minimal cardio and respiratory depressant
26
Why does the ideal GA need to be rapid on?
Through S2 quickly
27
Why does the ideal GA need to be rapid off?
Able to titrate dose depending on their reaction, to keep them in S3
28
Why is xenon not used as a GA?
V expensive
29
2 main types of administering GAs?
Inhalation and intravenous