Neurons and other cell types 2.0 Flashcards
What are dendrites?
Short extensions that receive signals
What are axons?
Long extensions that transmit impulses
What makes up a neuron?
Dendrites, soma, axon hillock, axon terminals, synapses
Role of axon hillock?
initiates the AP
Role of axon?
Transmits AP
Role of dendrites?
Input
What is a polysynaptic reflex?
A reflex pathway that involves one or more interneurones between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron
What is a monosynaptic reflex?
A reflex pathway that has a direct connection between the sensory and motor neuron
How can neurons be classified?
Structurally, functionally and types of NT
What are the 4 structural groups of neurons?
Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, and pseudounipolar
What are bipolar neurones?
Neurones with one axon and one dendrite extending from the soma
What is a pseudounipolar neuron?
A neuron that only has one thing extending from the soma, however this splits off into two distinct structures
What are the three functional classifications of neurons?
Sensory, motor, inter
What are glial cells?
Types of cell found in nervous tissue that arent neurons
Types of glial cells?
Astrocytes, satellite glia, microglia, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells, radial glia and ependymal cells
Role of astrocytes?
Make contact with capillaries and neurons in CNS, help form the blood-brain barrier
Role of satelite glia?
Provide structural support and nutrients for neurons in PNS
Role of microglia?
Scavenge and degrade dead cells
Role of oligodendrocytes?
Form myelin sheaths around the axons in the CNS
Role of schwann cells?
Myelinates a whole axon by surrounding it
Role of radial glia?
Serve as scaffolds for developing neurons, are also bipolar so can differentiate into neurons or other glial cells
Role of ependymal cells?
Line fluid filled ventricles of the brain, produce cerebrospinal fluid
