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SL22044 Neuroscience > Amine NTs > Flashcards

Amine NTs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the monoamines?

A

Dopamine and norepinepherine

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2
Q

Which AA is 5-hydroxytryptamine derived from?

A

tryptophan

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3
Q

What kind of amine is 5-hydroxytryptamine?

A

An indolamine

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4
Q

What AA are catecholamines derived from

A

tyrosine

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5
Q

Which AA is histamine derived from?

A

histidine

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6
Q

Where are the cell bodies of cells that synthesise amines?

A

brainstem

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7
Q

What is specific ab the amine neuron axons?

A

They project widely

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8
Q

What is the main role of amine NTS?

A

Modulating the action of GABA and glutamate at synapses

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9
Q

What do amines play a key role in?

A

Arousal, sleep, attention and survival

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10
Q

Where are amine NTs released from?

A

Boutons

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11
Q

What is the origin of noradrenaline in the brain?

A

Locus coeruleus

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11
Q

Where do axons of nerves in the locus coeruleus innervate?

A

forebrain, cortex, spinal cord

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12
Q

What does noradrenaline act at?

A

GPCRs

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13
Q

Which GPCRs does noradrenaline act at?

A

alpha 1, 2, and beta 1, 2

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14
Q

What do the noradrenaline GPCRs in the brain stem control?

A

Blood pressure

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15
Q

What do the noradrenaline GPCRs in the descending pathways in the spinal cord control?

A

Movement and pain

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16
Q

What do the noradrenaline GPCRs in the ascending pathways in the spinal cord control?

A

Arousal and mood

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17
Q

How is tyrosine taken up by neurons?

A

Via tyrosine transporters

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18
Q

What is tyrosine first converted into in nerve terminals?

A

L-dihydroxyphenylalanine

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19
Q

What enzyme catalyses the conversion of tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine?

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase

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20
Q

What is L-dihydroxyphenylalanine converted into?

A

dopamine

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21
Q

What enzyme converts L-dihydroxyphenylalanine into dopamine?

A

DOPA d carboxylase

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22
Q

What takes up dopamine (in norepinepherine synthesis)?

A

Vesicular monoamine transporter

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23
Q

What is the final intermediate before noradrenaline is synthesised?

A

dopamine

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24
Q

What converts dopamine to noradrenaline

A

dopamine beta hydroxylase

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25
Q

Difference between dopaminergic neurons and noradrenaline neurons?

A

Noradrenaline neurons have dopamine beta hydroxylase

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26
Q

direct consequence of blocking tyrosine hydroxylase?

A

depleting noradrenaline

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27
Q

overall consequence of blocking tyrosine hyroxylase?

A

depression like state induced

28
Q

How is noradrenaline inactivated?

A

Reuptake and degradation

29
Q

Which compounds degrade noradrenaline?

A

monoamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyltransferase

30
Q

Where are noradrenaline transporters expressed?

A

Presynaptic neurons and glial cells

31
Q

What is the result of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

A

Antidepressant

32
Q

Where is the origin of dopamine?

A

midbrain

33
Q

Three dopamine pathways?

A

Nigro-striatal pathway, mesolimbic, tubero-infidibular system

34
Q

Where does the mesolimbic pathway project from and to?

A

From the ventral tegmental area to the cortex and hippocampus

35
Q

Where is the tubero-infundibular system located?

A

Hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

36
Q

What type of receptors does dopamine act at?

A

GPCRs

37
Q

What is the tubero-infundibular system involved in?

A

Endocrine function

38
Q

What is the same between dopamine and noradrenaline?

A

Their inactivation (reuptake and degradation)

39
Q

Which pathway degenerates in parkinsons?

A

Nigro-striatal pathway

40
Q

Which NT does NMDA increase?

A

5HT

41
Q

Where does 5HT arise from?

A

Raphe nuclei

42
Q

Where does 5HT project?

A

Forebrain (cerebral cortex, cerebellum), spinal cord

43
Q

what are the 5HT neurons in the spinal cord involved in?

A

pain perception and pain regulation

44
Q

5HT dysfuncion is associated with?

A

depression, sleepy, abnormal feeding

45
Q

Increased activity of 5HT systems in regard to food?

A

Loss of appetite

46
Q

Decreased activity of 5HT systems in regard to food?

A

Gain of weight

47
Q

How is tryptophan taken up by NTs?

A

transporters

48
Q

First thing to happen to tryptophan in 5ht synthesis?

A

Conversion to 5-hydroxytryptophan

49
Q

Which enzyme catalyses the conversion of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan?

A

Tryptophan hydroxylase

50
Q

What is 5-hydroxytryptophan converted to?

A

5-hydroxytryptamine

51
Q

What enzyme catalyses the formation of 5-hydroxytryptamine

A

5-hydroxytryptophan carboxylase

52
Q

What happens to 5-hydroxytryptamine after synthesis?

A

taken up by vesicles

53
Q

Inactivation of 5ht?

A

Reuptake and degradation

54
Q

5ht degredation enzyme?

A

Monoamine oxidase

55
Q

What is unique ab 5HTs reuptake transporters?

A

They are specific to 5HT

56
Q

Where does ACh project to from the magnocellular neurons?

A

cortex/limbic system

57
Q

Types of ACh receptor?

A

Ionotropic and GPCR

58
Q

Ionotropic ACh receptor?

A

Nicotinic

59
Q

GPCR ACh receptor?

A

Muscarinic

60
Q

Role of ACh?

A

Arousal, sleep, waking

61
Q

Main substrate for ACh?

A

Choline

62
Q

How is ACh formed?

A

Choline combines with acetyl-CoA

63
Q

enzyme catalysing ACh formation?

A

Choline acetyltransferae

64
Q

Which enzyme breakd down ACh?

A

Acetylcholineesterase

65
Q

WHat is produced as a result of ACh breakdown?

A

Free choline, acetic acid

66
Q

what is taken up after ACh degredation?

A

Free choline

67
Q

Treatment for alzheimers regarding ACh?

A

Targets acetylcholineesterase to prevent ACh degradation

68
Q
A

SL22044 Neuroscience (7 decks)

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