Anxiety and anxiolytics first half 2.0

Question 3

What is anxiety?

Answer 3

a normal, physiological response to threatening situations that serves as a protective function

Question 4

What is pathological anxiety?

Answer 4

concern about stressor is out of proportion to the realistic threat and can occur without exposure to an external stressor

Question 5

How many people in the UK are affected by anxiety disorders?

Answer 5

8 million

Question 6

Examples of anxiety disorders?

Answer 6

Specific phobias, social anxiety, panic disorder, PTSD, OCD, Generalised anxiety disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 7

length of generalised anxiety disorder?

Answer 7

6 months

Question 8

What are the core symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer 8

Negative cognition, physiology (heart racing etc), avoidance behaviour

Question 9

What is negative cognition?

Answer 9

A bias to interpret unthreatening situations as threatening

Question 10

Physiological symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer 10

Racing heart, restlessness, sweating, increased blood pressure

Question 11

Part of anxiety disorder that the cortex is involved in?

Answer 11

negative cognition

Question 12

Part of anxiety disorder that hippocampus the is involved in?

Answer 12

Memory

Question 13

Part of anxiety disorder that the amygdala is involved in?

Answer 13

fear perception

Question 14

Part of anxiety disorder that the hypothalamus is involved in?

Answer 14

Stress responsiveness

Question 15

Part of anxiety disorder that the basal ganglia/cerebellum are involved in?

Answer 15

movement control

Question 16

What hormone is released upon the perception of stress?

Answer 16

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 17

Which part of the brain releases Corticotropin releasing hormone?

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

Where is Corticotropin releasing hormone released onto?

Answer 18

Pituitary gland

Question 19

Which stress related hormone is released by the pituitary gland?

Answer 19

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 20

Where is ACTH released onto?

Answer 20

The adrenal gland

Question 21

What is produced by the adrenal glands in response to ACTH?

Answer 21

Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol

Question 22

Why is cortisol released in response to stress?

Answer 22

To give you the energy for the fight or flight response, as it is responsible for metabolism of glucose and lipids

Question 23

Where is adrenaline released from in response to stress?

Answer 23

Adrenal glands

Question 24

Which brain area is first used in the fear response and why?

Answer 24

Thalamus as it deals with sensory stuff

Question 25

Which brain area is used after the thalamus in the fear response?

Answer 25

Amygdala

Question 26

Role of amygdala in fear response?

Answer 26

Switching on amine NTs (noradrenaline etc)

Question 27

Role of periaqueductal grey in fear response?

Answer 27

Innate avoidance behaviour (e.g. stepping back)

Question 28

Which brain area releases cortisol in response to stress?

Answer 28

Hypothalamus

Question 29

Where are most anxiety disorders thought to originate?

Answer 29

Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

Question 30

Why is noradrenaline released in the fear response?

Answer 30

Need to be hyper aware of your surroundings

Question 31

Which NTs are implicated in the fear response?

Answer 31

Serotonin and noradrenaline

Question 32

Role of GABAa networks?

Answer 32

Fast inhibition