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SL22044 Neuroscience > General anaesthetics second half 1.0 > Flashcards

General anaesthetics second half 1.0 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

2 main types of administering GAs?

A

Inhalation and intravenous

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3
Q

Best aspect of inhaled GAs?

A

V controllable as the dose in the air is v quickly transferred

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4
Q

Main types of inhaled GAs?

A

Halogenated ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons

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5
Q

Halogenated hydrocarbon example?

A

Halothane, isofluorane

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6
Q

Advantages of halothane and isoflurane?

A

V potent and stable

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7
Q

Main pro of intravenous GAs?

A

V rapid

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8
Q

Which type of general anaesthetic is used for induction of GA?

A

Intravenous

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9
Q

Which type of anaesthetic is used for maintenance of GA?

A

Inhaled

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10
Q

Major surgery general anaesthetic order?

A

Benzodiazepine, then intravenous (thiopental), then inhaled (halothane)

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11
Q

Rapid unconsciousness anaesthetic?

A

thiopental (short acting)

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12
Q

Inhaled general anaesthetics to maintain GA?

A

N2O, halothane, sevofluorane

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13
Q

When are analgesic drugs used?

A

post operative care

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14
Q

What is fentanyl used for?

A

analgesic effect after surgery when the general anaesthetic has worn off

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15
Q

Which compounds are used for paralysis of skeletal muscle?

A

Suxamethonium

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16
Q

How does Suxamethonium work?

A

It is a nicotinic ACh receptor antagonist

17
Q

What drugs are people given pre-op?

A

Benzodiazepines, midazolam

18
Q

Examples of inhaled anaesthetics?

A

N2O, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane

19
Q

Side effect of halothane?

A

Toxic to liver

20
Q

Which inhaled GA is used more in veterinary than human surgery?

A

Halothane

21
Q

Why is sevoflurane used the most?

A

Has the least side effects

22
Q

Types of intravenous GAs?

A

Thiopental, etomidate, propofol, ketamine, benzodiazepines

23
Q

Most widely used intravenous GA?

A

propofol

24
Q

Mechanism of local anaesthetics?

A

Voltage-gated sodium channel block

25
Q

Two main theories of how GAs work?

A

lipid theory, and protein theory

26
Q

Lipid theory of GAs?

A

good GAs are more lipophilic (can soak into lipids) and so soak into the lipid bilayer and block membrane spanning proteins (Na+ channels in neurons etc)

27
Q

Protein theory of GAs?

A

More potent a GA is, less of it is needed to inhibit luciferase proteina action, so GAs might generally inhibit protein action

28
Q

What type of proteins do GAs target?

A

Transmitter receptors, ion channels, transporters and release

29
Q

What do GAs do regarding inhibitory receptors?

A

Potentiate them, meaning they are stronger (more hyperpolarisation)

30
Q

What do GAs to to excitatory receptors?

A

Block them

31
Q

How do GAs affect ion channels?

A

They reduce the frequency of them opening

SL22044 Neuroscience (40 decks)

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