Calcium channels III

Question 1

How can autoreceptors regulate NT release?

Answer 1

DIssociation of G proteins (Betagamma subunits) can interact w/ VGCa2+ channels

Question 2

WHat are the phosphorylation sites in VGCa2+ channels for?

Answer 2

Protein kinase C, CaKinaseII

Question 3

What ab a VGCa2+ channel can be regulated by phosphorylation?

Answer 3

Ion channel opening, rates of desensitisation, trafficking

Question 4

WHat does the calmodulin binding domain on the C terminus regulate?

Answer 4

Ion channel opening and closing

Question 5

What can calmodulin do to VGca2+ channels?

Answer 5

Facilitate and inactivate them

Question 6

What affects whether calmodulin will facilitate or inactivate VGCa2+ channel?

Answer 6

The level of calcium it is seeing

Question 7

What is calmodulin regulated by?

Answer 7

Ca2+ binding

Question 8

What is different between diff parts of the calmodulin molecule?

Answer 8

Have diff affinities for ca2+

Question 9

What happens when there is high concs of Ca2+?

Answer 9

Inactivation of VGCa2+ channels to switch off further release

Question 10

How many genes encode the beta subunits?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

What are the beta subunits involved in?

Answer 11

Correct folding and promote the exit of the a1 subunit from the ER
Folding, trafficking, export

Question 12

What is the beta subunit regulated by?

Answer 12

Phosphorylation of b2 subunits via PI3K / Akt

Question 13

What does Phosphorylation of b2 subunits control?

Answer 13

Protein turnover and degradation

Question 14

How many genes encode the alpha 2 delta subunit?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

How is the alpha2 delta subunit created?

Answer 15

single gene product post translationally cleaved

Question 16

Role of a2d subunit?

Answer 16

enhance channel expression, trafficking and influence ion channel properties

Question 17

Which drugs is the a2d a site of action for?

Answer 17

Anti epileptic and anti allodynic drugs

Question 18

Examples of Anti epileptic and anti allodynic drugs?

Answer 18

gabapentin and pregabalin

Question 19

WHich part of the VGCa2+ channel interacts with the SNARE complex?

Answer 19

Synprint domain

Question 20

Which type of receptor does heterosynaptic plasticity involve?

Answer 20

Autoreceptors

Question 21

What are retrograde messengers?

Answer 21

Diffusible second messengers, produced in a target cell which then diffuse back to the nerve terminal from the target cell

Question 22

What are some retrograde messengers?

Answer 22

Endocannabinoids and nitric oxide

Question 23

Role of endocannabinoids?

Answer 23

Act at cannabinoid receptor in the brain,

Question 24

What is the primary endogenous endocannabinoid in the mammalian brain?

Answer 24

2-arachidonyl glycerol

Question 25

Which polyunsaturated FA is in the structure of 2-arachidonyl glycerol?

Answer 25

Arachidonic acid

Question 26

Role of 2-arachidonyl glycerol?

Answer 26

Acts on CB1 receptor to control transmitter release typically suppress excitatory transmission

Question 27

Which enzyme produces 2-arachidonyl glycerol?

Answer 27

DAG lipase--> from diacyl glycerol

Question 28

What causes the synthesis of NO?

Answer 28

Activity at the NMDA receptor

Question 29

What is the synthesis of NO dependent on?

Answer 29

Ca2+, which activates neuronal nitric oxide synthase to produce NO from arginine

Question 30

How does NO act upon the nerve terminal?

Answer 30

Activates guanylyl cyclase (GC) which then activates a pathway of protein phosphorylation

Question 31

Effect of NO on glutamate release?

Answer 31

It enhances it