Neuropeptides II Flashcards
How are neuropeptides’ expression and activity regulated?
Gene expression, transcription, translation, degradation, secretion, modulation
What are neuropeptides associated with bc theyre usually slower than NTs?
Circadian rhythms
Major neuropeptides in the brain?
Substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, vasopressin,
How can neuropeptides be subtypes?
Loosely based on AA sequence
Similarity between opioid peptides?
First 4 or 5 AAs are conserved between all members
Opioid peptides?
Leucine enkephalin, alpha endorphin (diff 5th AA), dynorphin A
How long are NP precursors?
90AAs
Steps required to go from precursor to peptide?
Removal of a signal sequence, cleavage events, disulfide bond formation
How mant NPs can one precursor give rise to?
1 or multiple
Which kind of proteins are signal sequences found in?
Proteins that will end up being secreted
What is needed for the formation of a NP from its precursor?
The right enzyme to cleave the precursor in the correct place
Example of a precursor that only gives one NP?
Somatostatin
What does substance P stand for?
Substance powder
Which regions is Substance P found?
Hippocampus, neocortex
What is substance P coreleased w/?
Glutamate
Where is substance P released from?
Specific sensory nerves
Where in the PNS is substance P found?
Small diameter C fibres
What effects can substance P control if it is found in small diameter C fibres?
Pain, itch, inflammation
Other effects of substance P?
Modulation in anxiety, stress, neurogenesis and nausea
What receptors is substance P signalling driven through?
Neurokinin receptors
What can the substance P precursor also give rise to?
Neurokinin A
Enzymes involved in termination of neuropeptide signalling?
Aminopeptidase, neprilysin, insulin degrading enzyme, angiotensin converting enzyme
Are opioids NPs?
Yes
Enkephalin structure?
two functional Pentapeptides (5AAs)
