Anxiety and anxiolytics first half 2.0

Question 1

What is anxiety?

Answer 1

a normal, physiological response to threatening situations that serves as a protective function

Question 2

What is pathological anxiety?

Answer 2

concern about stressor is out of proportion to the realistic threat and can occur without exposure to an external stressor

Question 3

How many people in the UK are affected by anxiety disorders?

Answer 3

8 million

Question 4

Examples of anxiety disorders?

Answer 4

Specific phobias, social anxiety, panic disorder, PTSD, OCD, Generalised anxiety disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 5

length of generalised anxiety disorder?

Answer 5

6 months

Question 6

What are the core symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer 6

Negative cognition, physiology (heart racing etc), avoidance behaviour

Question 7

What is negative cognition?

Answer 7

A bias to interpret unthreatening situations as threatening

Question 8

Physiological symptoms of anxiety disorders?

Answer 8

Racing heart, restlessness, sweating, increased blood pressure

Question 9

Part of anxiety disorder that the cortex is involved in?

Answer 9

negative cognition

Question 10

Part of anxiety disorder that hippocampus the is involved in?

Answer 10

Memory

Question 11

Part of anxiety disorder that the amygdala is involved in?

Answer 11

fear perception

Question 12

Part of anxiety disorder that the hypothalamus is involved in?

Answer 12

Stress responsiveness

Question 13

Part of anxiety disorder that the basal ganglia/cerebellum are involved in?

Answer 13

movement control

Question 14

What hormone is released upon the perception of stress?

Answer 14

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 15

Which part of the brain releases Corticotropin releasing hormone?

Answer 15

Hypothalamus

Question 16

Where is Corticotropin releasing hormone released onto?

Answer 16

Pituitary gland

Question 17

Which stress related hormone is released by the pituitary gland?

Answer 17

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 18

Where is ACTH released onto?

Answer 18

The adrenal gland

Question 19

What is produced by the adrenal glands in response to ACTH?

Answer 19

Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol

Question 20

Why is cortisol released in response to stress?

Answer 20

To give you the energy for the fight or flight response, as it is responsible for metabolism of glucose and lipids

Question 21

Where is adrenaline released from in response to stress?

Answer 21

Adrenal glands

Question 22

Which brain area is first used in the fear response and why?

Answer 22

Thalamus as it deals with sensory stuff

Question 23

Which brain area is used after the thalamus in the fear response?

Answer 23

Amygdala

Question 24

Role of amygdala in fear response?

Answer 24

Switching on amine NTs (noradrenaline etc)

Question 25

Role of periaqueductal grey in fear response?

Answer 25

Innate avoidance behaviour (e.g. stepping back)

Question 26

Which brain area releases cortisol in response to stress?

Answer 26

Hypothalamus

Question 27

Where are most anxiety disorders thought to originate?

Answer 27

Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

Question 28

Why is noradrenaline released in the fear response?

Answer 28

Need to be hyper aware of your surroundings

Question 29

Which NTs are implicated in the fear response?

Answer 29

Serotonin and noradrenaline

Question 30

Role of GABAa networks?

Answer 30

Fast inhibition