Neurology and mental health 2

Question 1

Other than EPSP what can calcium be used for in the postsynaptic neuron?

Answer 1

Signalling

Question 2

What can calcium do as a signalling molecule in the postsynaptic neuron?

Answer 2

Activate kinases, e.g. Protein Kinase C, calcium calmodulin kinase II

Question 3

What can protein kinase C phosphorylate?

Answer 3

AMPA receptor

Question 4

What does phosphorylating AMPA receptors do?

Answer 4

Make it more sensitive–> it opens wider per glutamate molecule that binds to it

Question 5

What does calcium comodulase kinase II do?

Answer 5

Acts as the trigger for causing intracellular AMPA receptors to traffic to the cell membrane.

Question 6

How does calcium cause nitric oxide?

Answer 6

Via activity of guanylyl cyclase

Question 7

What is NO used as in LTP?

Answer 7

An NT

Question 8

Good things ab using NO as an NT?

Answer 8

It is a gas so it can freely diffuse from postsynaptic to presynaptic

Question 9

Role of NO presynaptically?

Answer 9

Increased amounts of vesicles, increase probability that a vesicle is released per AP

Question 10

What is a retrograde transmitter?

Answer 10

Goes from postsynaptic to presynaptic

Question 11

Morris water maze?

Answer 11

Opaque body of water with a platform that lets them stand

Question 12

Morris water maze use?

Answer 12

Studying memory

Question 13

How was a morris water maze used to study memory?

Answer 13

Trained them to find the platform (same place) then did that with a NMDA agonist–> when agonist was present they didnt learn where the platform was

Question 14

What is a priming cue?

Answer 14

A stimulus that can trigger memories

Question 15

What kinds of memories can a priming cue trigger?

Answer 15

Conscious–> remember event, subconscious–> feeling ill, anxious

Question 16

What is pavlovian/classical conditioning?

Answer 16

To do with memory linkage: Dog will salivate in response to food, if you combine food and bell then the dog will salivate, if you do it enough the dog will end up salivating if you only ring the bell and don’t present food

Question 17

Why is pavlovian conditioning linked to drug abuse?

Answer 17

People associate the place they are, people they are around, music that is playing with taking drugs–> people would crave a drug if they go into the room where they used to take them

Question 18

Outcome of a cocaine user watching a video of nature, then someone doing coke?

Answer 18

Brain activity when nature video was normal but different when they watched someone take coke