Amine NTs first half 2.0

Question 1

What are the amine NTs?

Answer 1

Serotonin, Histamine, Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline

Question 2

What are the monoamines?

Answer 2

Dopamine and norepinepherine

Question 3

Which AA is 5-hydroxytryptamine derived from?

Answer 3

tryptophan

Question 4

What kind of amine is 5-hydroxytryptamine?

Answer 4

An indolamine

Question 5

What AA are catecholamines derived from

Answer 5

tyrosine

Question 6

Which AA is histamine derived from?

Answer 6

histidine

Question 7

Where are the cell bodies of cells that synthesise amines?

Answer 7

brainstem

Question 8

What is specific ab the amine neuron axons?

Answer 8

They project widely

Question 9

What is the main role of amine NTS?

Answer 9

Modulating the action of GABA and glutamate at synapses

Question 10

What do amines play a key role in?

Answer 10

Arousal, sleep, attention and survival

Question 11

Where are amine NTs released from?

Answer 11

Boutons

Question 12

What is the origin of noradrenaline in the brain?

Answer 12

Locus coeruleus

Question 13

Where do axons of nerves in the locus coeruleus innervate?

Answer 13

forebrain, cortex, spinal cord

Question 14

What does noradrenaline act at?

Answer 14

GPCRs

Question 15

Which GPCRs does noradrenaline act at?

Answer 15

alpha 1, 2, and beta 1, 2

Question 16

What do the noradrenaline GPCRs in the brain stem control?

Answer 16

Blood pressure

Question 17

What do the noradrenaline GPCRs in the descending pathways in the spinal cord control?

Answer 17

Movement and pain

Question 18

What do the noradrenaline GPCRs in the ascending pathways in the spinal cord control?

Answer 18

Arousal and mood

Question 19

How is tyrosine taken up by neurons?

Answer 19

Via tyrosine transporters

Question 20

What is tyrosine first converted into in nerve terminals?

Answer 20

L-dihydroxyphenylalanine

Question 21

What enzyme catalyses the conversion of tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine?

Answer 21

Tyrosine hydroxylase

Question 22

What is L-dihydroxyphenylalanine converted into?

Answer 22

dopamine

Question 23

What enzyme converts L-dihydroxyphenylalanine into dopamine?

Answer 23

DOPA d carboxylase

Question 24

What is dopamine taken up via/through (in norepinepherine synthesis)?

Answer 24

Vesicular monoamine transporter

Question 25

What is the final intermediate before noradrenaline is synthesised?

Answer 25

dopamine

Question 26

What converts dopamine to noradrenaline

Answer 26

dopamine beta hydroxylase

Question 27

Difference between dopaminergic neurons and noradrenaline neurons?

Answer 27

Noradrenaline neurons have dopamine beta hydroxylase

Question 28

Eventual consequence of blocking tyrosine hydroxylase?

Answer 28

depleting noradrenaline

Question 29

Phenotypic consequence of blocking tyrosine hyroxylase?

Answer 29

depression like state induced

Question 30

How is noradrenaline inactivated?

Answer 30

Reuptake and degradation

Question 31

Which compounds degrade noradrenaline?

Answer 31

monoamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyltransferase

Question 32

Where are noradrenaline transporters expressed?

Answer 32

Presynaptic neurons and glial cells

Question 33

What is the phenotypic result of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

Answer 33

Antidepressant

Question 34

Where is the origin of dopamine?

Answer 34

midbrain

Question 35

Three dopamine pathways?

Answer 35

Nigro-striatal pathway, mesolimbic, tubero-infidibular system

Question 36

Where does the mesolimbic pathway project from and to?

Answer 36

From the ventral tegmental area to the cortex and hippocampus