Amine NTs first half 2.0 Flashcards
What are the amine NTs?
Serotonin, Histamine, Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline
What are the monoamines?
Dopamine and norepinepherine
Which AA is 5-hydroxytryptamine derived from?
tryptophan
What kind of amine is 5-hydroxytryptamine?
An indolamine
What AA are catecholamines derived from
tyrosine
Which AA is histamine derived from?
histidine
Where are the cell bodies of cells that synthesise amines?
brainstem
What is specific ab the amine neuron axons?
They project widely
What is the main role of amine NTS?
Modulating the action of GABA and glutamate at synapses
What do amines play a key role in?
Arousal, sleep, attention and survival
Where are amine NTs released from?
Boutons
What is the origin of noradrenaline in the brain?
Locus coeruleus
Where do axons of nerves in the locus coeruleus innervate?
forebrain, cortex, spinal cord
What does noradrenaline act at?
GPCRs
Which GPCRs does noradrenaline act at?
alpha 1, 2, and beta 1, 2
What do the noradrenaline GPCRs in the brain stem control?
Blood pressure
What do the noradrenaline GPCRs in the descending pathways in the spinal cord control?
Movement and pain
What do the noradrenaline GPCRs in the ascending pathways in the spinal cord control?
Arousal and mood
How is tyrosine taken up by neurons?
Via tyrosine transporters
What is tyrosine first converted into in nerve terminals?
L-dihydroxyphenylalanine
What enzyme catalyses the conversion of tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine?
Tyrosine hydroxylase
What is L-dihydroxyphenylalanine converted into?
dopamine
What enzyme converts L-dihydroxyphenylalanine into dopamine?
DOPA d carboxylase
What is dopamine taken up via/through (in norepinepherine synthesis)?
Vesicular monoamine transporter
What is the final intermediate before noradrenaline is synthesised?
dopamine
What converts dopamine to noradrenaline
dopamine beta hydroxylase
Difference between dopaminergic neurons and noradrenaline neurons?
Noradrenaline neurons have dopamine beta hydroxylase
Eventual consequence of blocking tyrosine hydroxylase?
depleting noradrenaline
Phenotypic consequence of blocking tyrosine hyroxylase?
depression like state induced
How is noradrenaline inactivated?
Reuptake and degradation
Which compounds degrade noradrenaline?
monoamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyltransferase
Where are noradrenaline transporters expressed?
Presynaptic neurons and glial cells
What is the phenotypic result of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
Antidepressant
Where is the origin of dopamine?
midbrain
Three dopamine pathways?
Nigro-striatal pathway, mesolimbic, tubero-infidibular system
Where does the mesolimbic pathway project from and to?
From the ventral tegmental area to the cortex and hippocampus
