Skeletal Structure

Question 1

Arthropods maintain a

Answer 1

Chitinous exoskeleton

Question 2

What is the function of the endoskeleton?

Answer 2

• Supports body and provides framework for movement
• Protects vital organs
• Stores Ca2+ and Hematopoiesis

Question 3

What are examples of flat bones?

Answer 3

• Skull
• Ribs
• Pelvis

Question 4

How is the composition of flat bones?

Answer 4

• Inner spongy bone

- Outer compact bone

Question 5

Flat bones function to

Answer 5

Protect organs

Question 6

What is an example of a long bone?

Answer 6

Femur

Question 7

What is the middle of a long bone called?

Answer 7

Diaphysis

Question 8

What are the ends of the long bones called?

Answer 8

Epiphysis

Question 9

What is found between both the Diaphysis and Epiphysis?

Answer 9

Metaphysis

Question 10

The Metaphysis functions to

Answer 10

Provide a growth plate

Question 11

Long bones function to serve as

Answer 11

Framework for movement

Question 12

Red bone marrow is the site of

Answer 12

Hematopoiesis

Question 13

Where is red bone marrow found?

Answer 13

• Epiphysis

- Flat bones

Question 14

Yellow bone marrow is the site of

Answer 14

Fat storage made of adipocytes

Question 15

Where is yellow bone marrow located?

Answer 15

Diaphysis of long bones

Question 16

The Haversian System is found in

Answer 16

Compact bones

Question 17

The Haversian System consists of

Answer 17

Osteoids

Question 18

Each osteon has multiple layers of bone called

Answer 18

Lamella

Question 19

Osteons have canals in the middle which allow for

Answer 19

Travel of blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

Question 20

What are found in between lamella?

Answer 20

Canaliculi

Question 21

Canaliculi branch from the canal into the

Answer 21

Lacunae, which are empty spaces for osteocytes

Question 22

What is the function of Canaliculi?

Answer 22

They allow for communication

Question 23

Volkmann Canals are

Answer 23

Perpendicular to Haversian canals and have small blood cells

Question 24

The Bone Matrix consists of

Answer 24

Osteoid + Hydroxyapatite

Question 25

Osteoid is the organic portion that consists of

Answer 25

Protein + Collagen

Question 26

The Osteoid gives the bone

Answer 26

Tensile strength

Question 27

Hydroxyapatite is the inorganic portion of bone that is made of

Answer 27

Calcium, Phosphate and Water

Question 28

Hydroxyapatite are crystals which give the bone

Answer 28

Rigid strength and density

Question 29

Hormones in the body maintain the ratio of

Answer 29

osteoclast:osteoblast

Question 30

What happens as osteoclast activity increases?

Answer 30

There is an increase of Ca and Phosphate in the blood

Question 31

Calcium can be absorbed from the

Answer 31

Gut

Question 32

Calcium can be reabsorbed from the

Answer 32

Kidneys

Question 33

What does PTH do?

Answer 33

Increases Ca and P in the blood

Question 34

What does Calcitonin do?

Answer 34

Decreases Ca and P in the blood

Question 35

What does Calcitrol do?

Answer 35

Increases Ca and P in the blood

Question 36

Calcitrol is known as the

Answer 36

Activated version of Vitamin D

Question 37

Too much Ca in the blood results in

Answer 37

- Lethargy - Fatigue - Memory Loss

Question 38

Too less Ca in the blood results in

Answer 38

- Muscle cramps

Question 39

Cartilage is derived from

Answer 39

Chondrocytes

Question 40

Chondrocytes create proteins in the cartilage known as

Answer 40

- Cartilage | - Elastin

Question 41

Describe cartilage

Answer 41

- Avascular | - Not innervated

Question 42

Cartilage receives nutrition from

Answer 42

Surrounding fluid

Question 43

Hyaline Cartilage is found in

Answer 43

- Larynx - Trachea - Joints

Question 44

What is the function of Hyaline Cartilage?

Answer 44

Reduce friction and absorb shock

Question 45

Elastic Cartilage is found in

Answer 45

- Outer ear | - Epiglottis

Question 46

Elastic Cartilage provides

Answer 46

Shape and support

Question 47

Fibrous Cartilage is found in the

Answer 47

Discs of the spine

Question 48

What is the function of Fibrous Cartilage?

Answer 48

Provide rigidity and absorb shock

Question 49

What are the three types of Joints?

Answer 49

- Synarthroses - Amphiarthrosis - Synovial

Question 50

What are Synarthrose joints?

Answer 50

Immovable joints that consist of bones fused together

Question 51

What are Amphiarthrosis joints?

Answer 51

Slightly moveable joints

Question 52

Synovial joints are lubricated by

Answer 52

Synovial fluid

Question 53

What are the types of Synovial joints?

Answer 53

- Ball and Socket - Hinge - Pivot - Saddle

Question 54

Ball and Socket joints are found in

Answer 54

- Shoulder | - Hips

Question 55

Ball and Socket joints allow for

Answer 55

Many degrees of movement (multiaxial)

Question 56

Hinge joints are found in

Answer 56

- Elbows | - Knee

Question 57

Hinge joints move in

Answer 57

One plane

Question 58

What happens in Pivot joints?

Answer 58

Process from one bone extends into the ring of the other

Question 59

Saddle joints are multiaxial, allowing for

Answer 59

Flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

Question 60

Surfaces of bones that meet up at a joint are lined by

Answer 60

Articular cartilage, which is a type of Hyaline cartilage

Question 61

Endochondral Ossification is when

Answer 61

Long bones develop via ossification of cartilage

Question 62

The primary ossification center is the

Answer 62

Diaphysis

Question 63

The secondary ossification center is the

Answer 63

Epiphysis

Question 64

Intramembranous ossification is the process by which

Answer 64

Flat bones like the skull form from a membrane of mesenchymal tissue

Question 65

What is the Epiphyseal plate?

Answer 65

Area of hyaline cartilage that remains between the diaphysis and each epiphysis through adolescence