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Khan Academy > Skeletal Structure > Flashcards

Skeletal Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Arthropods maintain a

A

Chitinous exoskeleton

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2
Q

What is the function of the endoskeleton?

A
  • Supports body and provides framework for movement
  • Protects vital organs
  • Stores Ca2+ and Hematopoiesis
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3
Q

What are examples of flat bones?

A
  • Skull
  • Ribs
  • Pelvis
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4
Q

How is the composition of flat bones?

A
  • Inner spongy bone

- Outer compact bone

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5
Q

Flat bones function to

A

Protect organs

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6
Q

What is an example of a long bone?

A

Femur

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7
Q

What is the middle of a long bone called?

A

Diaphysis

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8
Q

What are the ends of the long bones called?

A

Epiphysis

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9
Q

What is found between both the Diaphysis and Epiphysis?

A

Metaphysis

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10
Q

The Metaphysis functions to

A

Provide a growth plate

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11
Q

Long bones function to serve as

A

Framework for movement

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12
Q

Red bone marrow is the site of

A

Hematopoiesis

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13
Q

Where is red bone marrow found?

A
  • Epiphysis

- Flat bones

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14
Q

Yellow bone marrow is the site of

A

Fat storage made of adipocytes

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15
Q

Where is yellow bone marrow located?

A

Diaphysis of long bones

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16
Q

The Haversian System is found in

A

Compact bones

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17
Q

The Haversian System consists of

A

Osteoids

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18
Q

Each osteon has multiple layers of bone called

A

Lamella

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19
Q

Osteons have canals in the middle which allow for

A

Travel of blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves

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20
Q

What are found in between lamella?

A

Canaliculi

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21
Q

Canaliculi branch from the canal into the

A

Lacunae, which are empty spaces for osteocytes

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22
Q

What is the function of Canaliculi?

A

They allow for communication

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23
Q

Volkmann Canals are

A

Perpendicular to Haversian canals and have small blood cells

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24
Q

The Bone Matrix consists of

A

Osteoid + Hydroxyapatite

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25
Q

Osteoid is the organic portion that consists of

A

Protein + Collagen

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26
Q

The Osteoid gives the bone

A

Tensile strength

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27
Q

Hydroxyapatite is the inorganic portion of bone that is made of

A

Calcium, Phosphate and Water

28
Q

Hydroxyapatite are crystals which give the bone

A

Rigid strength and density

29
Q

Hormones in the body maintain the ratio of

A

osteoclast:osteoblast

30
Q

What happens as osteoclast activity increases?

A

There is an increase of Ca and Phosphate in the blood

31
Q

Calcium can be absorbed from the

A

Gut

32
Q

Calcium can be reabsorbed from the

A

Kidneys

33
Q

What does PTH do?

A

Increases Ca and P in the blood

34
Q

What does Calcitonin do?

A

Decreases Ca and P in the blood

35
Q

What does Calcitrol do?

A

Increases Ca and P in the blood

36
Q

Calcitrol is known as the

A

Activated version of Vitamin D

37
Q

Too much Ca in the blood results in

A
  • Lethargy
  • Fatigue
  • Memory Loss
38
Q

Too less Ca in the blood results in

A
  • Muscle cramps
39
Q

Cartilage is derived from

A

Chondrocytes

40
Q

Chondrocytes create proteins in the cartilage known as

A
  • Cartilage

- Elastin

41
Q

Describe cartilage

A
  • Avascular

- Not innervated

42
Q

Cartilage receives nutrition from

A

Surrounding fluid

43
Q

Hyaline Cartilage is found in

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Joints
44
Q

What is the function of Hyaline Cartilage?

A

Reduce friction and absorb shock

45
Q

Elastic Cartilage is found in

A
  • Outer ear

- Epiglottis

46
Q

Elastic Cartilage provides

A

Shape and support

47
Q

Fibrous Cartilage is found in the

A

Discs of the spine

48
Q

What is the function of Fibrous Cartilage?

A

Provide rigidity and absorb shock

49
Q

What are the three types of Joints?

A
  • Synarthroses
  • Amphiarthrosis
  • Synovial
50
Q

What are Synarthrose joints?

A

Immovable joints that consist of bones fused together

51
Q

What are Amphiarthrosis joints?

A

Slightly moveable joints

52
Q

Synovial joints are lubricated by

A

Synovial fluid

53
Q

What are the types of Synovial joints?

A
  • Ball and Socket
  • Hinge
  • Pivot
  • Saddle
54
Q

Ball and Socket joints are found in

A
  • Shoulder

- Hips

55
Q

Ball and Socket joints allow for

A

Many degrees of movement (multiaxial)

56
Q

Hinge joints are found in

A
  • Elbows

- Knee

57
Q

Hinge joints move in

A

One plane

58
Q

What happens in Pivot joints?

A

Process from one bone extends into the ring of the other

59
Q

Saddle joints are multiaxial, allowing for

A

Flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

60
Q

Surfaces of bones that meet up at a joint are lined by

A

Articular cartilage, which is a type of Hyaline cartilage

61
Q

Endochondral Ossification is when

A

Long bones develop via ossification of cartilage

62
Q

The primary ossification center is the

A

Diaphysis

63
Q

The secondary ossification center is the

A

Epiphysis

64
Q

Intramembranous ossification is the process by which

A

Flat bones like the skull form from a membrane of mesenchymal tissue

65
Q

What is the Epiphyseal plate?

A

Area of hyaline cartilage that remains between the diaphysis and each epiphysis through adolescence

Khan Academy (81 decks)

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