Immune System

Question 1

The Innate System is

Answer 1

Nonspecific

Question 2

The innate system contains

Answer 2

2 lines of defense

Question 3

The first line of defense consists of

Answer 3

Oil, skin, nails, etc

Question 4

The second line of defense consists of

Answer 4

Inflammatory response + phagocytosis

Question 5

The Adaptive System responds to

Answer 5

Specific virus

Question 6

The Adaptive System responds to specific viruses due to

Answer 6

Being exposed previously to the pathogens

Question 7

The main cells of the Adaptive System are

Answer 7

Lymphocytes

Question 8

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

Answer 8

• B Lymphocytes

- T Lymphocytes

Question 9

B Lymphocytes are responsible for the

Answer 9

Humoral Response

Question 10

T Lymphocytes are responsible for the

Answer 10

Cell-mediated response with Tc and Th

Question 11

What are Phagocytes?

Answer 11

Cells that consume pathogens

Question 12

How do phagocytes act when they encounter another pathogen?

Answer 12

Its receptors get activated, forcing phagocyte to wrap up around the pathogen

Question 13

What happens when the pathogen is engulfed by the phagocyte?

Answer 13

A phagosome is formed, which later get digested

Question 14

What are the different phagocytes found?

Answer 14

• Neutrophils
• Dendritic Cells
• Macrophages
• Eosinophils

Question 15

Neutrophils are known as the

Answer 15

First responders

Question 16

Dendritic Cells are activators of the

Answer 16

Adaptive Immune System

Question 17

What do B Lymphocytes have on the surface?

Answer 17

Membrane bound antibodies

Question 18

Antibodies have variable portions, which are responsible for

Answer 18

Reacting to antigens

Question 19

What happens once the portion of an antibody binds to the bacteria?

Answer 19

The antibody gets activated and starts cloning itself

Question 20

What is the function of Basophil?

Answer 20

Releases histamine

Question 21

What is the main reservoir of hematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 21

Bone marrow

Question 22

Recognition of self vs. non-self by the adaptive immune system in humans is accomplished by the

Answer 22

Exposure of T cells to the body’s own antigens in the thymus

Question 23

Which portion of an antibody provides antigen-binding sites?

Answer 23

Viable portion

Question 24

What are the three main antigen-presenting cell types?

Answer 24

• B Cells
• Macrophages
• Dendritic Cells

Question 25

What is Central Tolerance?

Answer 25

A process in which the body destroys immune cells that are reactive with antigens present on the bodies own cells

Question 26

The liver, spleen, and lymph nodes contain immune cells which function to

Answer 26

Scan bodily fluids for the presence of immune-activating particles

Question 27

B Lymphocytes allow for Humoral Response, which is when cells are

Answer 27

Responding to things floating around in the body

Question 28

Antibodies have variable portions, which take in

Answer 28

Different types of antigens

Question 29

What happens once a variable portion binds to a pathogen?

Answer 29

The antibody begins to replicate

Question 30

What are the two types of B Lymphocytes?

Answer 30

- Memory | - Effector

Question 31

Effector (Plasma Cells) function to

Answer 31

Become antibody factories

Question 32

The pathogen consumed by the macrophage attaches to the

Answer 32

MHC

Question 33

Cell-Mediated Response is done by

Answer 33

T Cells

Question 34

Helper T Cells are activated when

Answer 34

Dendritic cells bind to their receptor

Question 35

The function of TH cells is to

Answer 35

Alert the immune system of foreign pathogen

Question 36

What happens when TH cells are activated?

Answer 36

They make copies of themselves and become effectors

Question 37

TH cells secrete cytokines when activated, which

Answer 37

Tell the cells to prepare to attack

Question 38

An activated TH cell can

Answer 38

Activate a B cell

Question 39

What are Cytotoxic T Cells?

Answer 39

T Cells that kill other cells

Question 40

TC Cells attack cells which

Answer 40

Want to commit suicide

Question 41

What happens when B cells are activated?

Answer 41

They generate antibodies, which attach to floating pathogens and disables them

Question 42

Free-floating antibodies are effective for

Answer 42

Floating pathogens

Question 43

What are the forms of Lymphocytes?

Answer 43

- T cells | - B cells

Question 44

What trigger TC cells to help them commit suicide?

Answer 44

MHC I

Question 45

How do TC cells kill cells?

Answer 45

- Exocytosis a bunch of poriferans into the “cancerous” cell | - Releases granzymes, which make cell want to kill itself

Question 46

What is required to activate a B cell?

Answer 46

The binding of pathogen onto membrane-bound antibodies

Question 47

What happens once B cells are activated?

Answer 47

They turn into either memory or effector cells

Question 48

What allow for TC cells to bind to MHC II?

Answer 48

CD8

Question 49

What allow for TH cells to bind to MHC I?

Answer 49

CD4

Question 50

What are macrophages?

Answer 50

Phagocytes that gobble up bacteria and release chemical signals for endothelial linings

Question 51

What happens when endothelial cells receive messages from macrophages?

Answer 51

They express proteins which allow neutrophils to stick to them

Question 52

Neutrophils move across endothelial cells via

Answer 52

Active transport

Question 53

How do macrophages present bacteria to B and T cells?

Answer 53

They go to a lymphatic vessel, which drains out via the thoracic duct

Question 54

Immune cells only move from

Answer 54

Blood to tissue

Question 55

What is the Pluripotent?

Answer 55

Stem cell of bone marrow that makes stem cells

Question 56

The Pluripotent gives rise to which lineages?

Answer 56

- Myeloid | - Lymphoid

Question 57

The Myeloid lineage + Lymphoid lineages are found in the

Answer 57

Blood marrow

Question 58

The Lymphoid lineage produces

Answer 58

- Natural Killer Cells - B Cells - T Cells

Question 59

The Myeloid lineage produces

Answer 59

- Red blood cells - Megakaryocyte - Neutrophils - Basophils - Eosinophils - Monocytes - Mast cells

Question 60

What is the function of Megakaryocytes?

Answer 60

They make plasma cells

Question 61

Dendritic cells come from

Answer 61

Both lineages

Question 62

In the Myeloid lineage, dendritic cells are formed from

Answer 62

Monocytes