Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

Enzymes are Biological Catalysts that create

A

Conditions that allow for faster biochemical reactions

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2
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase is an enzyme found in the

A

Human blood and saliva

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3
Q

What is the function of Carbonic Anhydrase?

A

Makes carbonic acid turn into CO2 and H2O quickly

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4
Q

What are Catalytic strategies used by enzymes to catalyze reactions?

A
  • Acid/Base Catalysis
  • Covalent Catalysis
  • Metal Ion Catalysis
  • Catalysis by Approximation
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5
Q

Acid/Base Catalysis is a strategy in which enzymes

A

Help move protons around

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6
Q

Covalent Catalysis is a strategy in which enzymes

A

Form covalent bonds with other molecules and allow for electron transfer

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7
Q

Metal Ion catalysis allows for enzymes to

A

Create a stabilizing charge

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8
Q

Catalysis by Approximation allows for enzymes to

A

Force two molecules to collide in the correct orientation

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9
Q

The TCA cycle is a series of

A

Different biochemical reactions in carbon metabolism

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10
Q

What kind of energy is generally more stable?

A

Lower energy

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11
Q

Enzymes work by

A

Lowering the AE, stabilizing the reaction

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12
Q

The highest point on the graph is generally the

A

Transition state

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13
Q

By reason the transition state is the highest point, it displays the most

A

Instability

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14
Q

What is the Free Energy of Activation (Ea)?

A

The difference between energy level of where we start and transition state / free energy of activation

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15
Q

The Free Energy of Activation (Ea) determines

A

How quickly a reaction will go

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16
Q

What is the Standard Free Energy Change (Erxn)?

A

Difference in energy between beginning energy level and final energy level

17
Q

How does the energy state differ throughout a spontaneous reaction?

A

The products will have a lower state of energy compared to the reactants

18
Q

How is the AE of a catalyzed reaction?

A

Smaller / Lower

19
Q

How is the transition state of a catalyzed reaction?

20
Q

What are substrates?

A

Any molecules that enzymes will act on

21
Q

What is the function of substrates?

A

They turn into reactants within the reaction

22
Q

Enzymes have active sites which are locations where

A

Substrates bind

23
Q

Enzyme reactions happen at the

A

Active site

24
Q

What is significant about the active sites?

A

They are unique, only binding to certain substrates

25
An induced fit is one in which
Both enzyme and substrate change shape in order to mold together
26
What happens at the transition state of a reaction?
The bond between the substrate and enzyme is the tightest
27
What happens when an enzyme reaction is completed?
The substrate is cut in half by the enzyme
28
Allosteric Binding is when
Some enzymes are capable of binding to more than 1 substrate
29
What is the function of an inhibitor?
It can bind enzyme at different location than enzyme’s active site
30
Inhibitors are capable of changing the shape of an enzyme, which
Affects an enzyme's ability to catalyze reactions
31
What is an Allosteric site?
A site outside of the binding site
32
Amylase is an enzyme which best works at
pH = 7
33
Pepsin is an enzyme which breaks down
Proteins into peptides
34
Pepsin is an enzyme which best works at
pH = 2