Enzymes Flashcards
Enzymes are Biological Catalysts that create
Conditions that allow for faster biochemical reactions
Carbonic Anhydrase is an enzyme found in the
Human blood and saliva
What is the function of Carbonic Anhydrase?
Makes carbonic acid turn into CO2 and H2O quickly
What are Catalytic strategies used by enzymes to catalyze reactions?
- Acid/Base Catalysis
- Covalent Catalysis
- Metal Ion Catalysis
- Catalysis by Approximation
Acid/Base Catalysis is a strategy in which enzymes
Help move protons around
Covalent Catalysis is a strategy in which enzymes
Form covalent bonds with other molecules and allow for electron transfer
Metal Ion catalysis allows for enzymes to
Create a stabilizing charge
Catalysis by Approximation allows for enzymes to
Force two molecules to collide in the correct orientation
The TCA cycle is a series of
Different biochemical reactions in carbon metabolism
What kind of energy is generally more stable?
Lower energy
Enzymes work by
Lowering the AE, stabilizing the reaction
The highest point on the graph is generally the
Transition state
By reason the transition state is the highest point, it displays the most
Instability
What is the Free Energy of Activation (Ea)?
The difference between energy level of where we start and transition state / free energy of activation
The Free Energy of Activation (Ea) determines
How quickly a reaction will go
What is the Standard Free Energy Change (Erxn)?
Difference in energy between beginning energy level and final energy level
How does the energy state differ throughout a spontaneous reaction?
The products will have a lower state of energy compared to the reactants
How is the AE of a catalyzed reaction?
Smaller / Lower
How is the transition state of a catalyzed reaction?
Lower
What are substrates?
Any molecules that enzymes will act on
What is the function of substrates?
They turn into reactants within the reaction
Enzymes have active sites which are locations where
Substrates bind
Enzyme reactions happen at the
Active site
What is significant about the active sites?
They are unique, only binding to certain substrates
An induced fit is one in which
Both enzyme and substrate change shape in order to mold together
What happens at the transition state of a reaction?
The bond between the substrate and enzyme is the tightest
What happens when an enzyme reaction is completed?
The substrate is cut in half by the enzyme
Allosteric Binding is when
Some enzymes are capable of binding to more than 1 substrate
What is the function of an inhibitor?
It can bind enzyme at different location than enzyme’s active site
Inhibitors are capable of changing the shape of an enzyme, which
Affects an enzyme’s ability to catalyze reactions
What is an Allosteric site?
A site outside of the binding site
Amylase is an enzyme which best works at
pH = 7
Pepsin is an enzyme which breaks down
Proteins into peptides
Pepsin is an enzyme which best works at
pH = 2
