Endocrine System Flashcards
What receives hormonal signals from the hypothalamus?
The pituitary gland
The primary role of the parathyroid gland is
To regulate serum calcium levels
The clinical condition caused by autoantibodies against pancreatic cells is
Type I Diabetes
Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus would be classified as
Paracrine
Autocrine signaling refers to the
Organ secreting a hormone that acts on that same organ
Intracrine signaling involves the act of
A cell secreting a hormone which acts upon the same cell
Endocrine signaling involves the hormone
Traveling to a distant target
What happens in paracrine signaling?
The hormone acts on a nearby, but different, organ
ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the
Hypothalamus
The direct and tropic FLAT PEG hormones are synthesized by
Anterior pituitary
Which type of hormones have faster onset and more transient effects?
Polypeptide hormones
Which type of hormones are more likely to function via second messengers?
Polypeptide hormones
Steroid hormones are
Lipophilic
Where are the associated receptors of steroid hormones?
Intracellular
Adenylate cyclase aids in conversion of
ATP to cAMP
The biosynthesis of steroids begins with
Adding a pyrophosphate to a terpene
Adrenal corticosteroids are
Mineralocorticoids
Insulin lowers blood glucose concentration by
Increasing cell permeability to glucose and amino acids
Glucagon has the opposite effects of
Insulin
What does glucagon do?
It raises blood glucose levels
Hormones that are derived from amino acids are
Hydrophilic
Hormones derived from cholesterol are
Hydrophobic
Which hormones typically bind to receptors located on the inside of a cell?
Steroid hormones
Peptide/amine hormones enter the cell by
Binding to cell receptors on the surface
Thyroid hormone is derived from
AA Tyrosine
The thyroid hormone is
Lipid soluble
What are the two hormones released by the posterior pituitary?
- ADH
- Oxytocin
What is the function of ADH?
It causes the collecting duct of the kidney to become more permeable to water
Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate in the body?
Thyroid hormone
What is the function of PTH?
It stimulates bone resorption by osteoclasts to increase blood calcium levels
What is the function of the thyroid hormone?
- Increases the basal metabolic rate
- Affects protein synthesis
- Helps regulate long bone growth
What kind of function do growth factors and histamine have?
Paracrine function
What are endocrine glands?
Ductless glands whose hormones end up in the blood stream
Exocrine glands secrete
Produces into ducts
