Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What receives hormonal signals from the hypothalamus?

A

The pituitary gland

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2
Q

The primary role of the parathyroid gland is

A

To regulate serum calcium levels

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3
Q

The clinical condition caused by autoantibodies against pancreatic cells is

A

Type I Diabetes

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4
Q

Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus would be classified as

A

Paracrine

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5
Q

Autocrine signaling refers to the

A

Organ secreting a hormone that acts on that same organ

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6
Q

Intracrine signaling involves the act of

A

A cell secreting a hormone which acts upon the same cell

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7
Q

Endocrine signaling involves the hormone

A

Traveling to a distant target

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8
Q

What happens in paracrine signaling?

A

The hormone acts on a nearby, but different, organ

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9
Q

ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

The direct and tropic FLAT PEG hormones are synthesized by

A

Anterior pituitary

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11
Q

Which type of hormones have faster onset and more transient effects?

A

Polypeptide hormones

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12
Q

Which type of hormones are more likely to function via second messengers?

A

Polypeptide hormones

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13
Q

Steroid hormones are

A

Lipophilic

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14
Q

Where are the associated receptors of steroid hormones?

A

Intracellular

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15
Q

Adenylate cyclase aids in conversion of

A

ATP to cAMP

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16
Q

The biosynthesis of steroids begins with

A

Adding a pyrophosphate to a terpene

17
Q

Adrenal corticosteroids are

A

Mineralocorticoids

18
Q

Insulin lowers blood glucose concentration by

A

Increasing cell permeability to glucose and amino acids

19
Q

Glucagon has the opposite effects of

20
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

It raises blood glucose levels

21
Q

Hormones that are derived from amino acids are

A

Hydrophilic

22
Q

Hormones derived from cholesterol are

A

Hydrophobic

23
Q

Which hormones typically bind to receptors located on the inside of a cell?

A

Steroid hormones

24
Q

Peptide/amine hormones enter the cell by

A

Binding to cell receptors on the surface

25
Thyroid hormone is derived from
AA Tyrosine
26
The thyroid hormone is
Lipid soluble
27
What are the two hormones released by the posterior pituitary?
- ADH | - Oxytocin
28
What is the function of ADH?
It causes the collecting duct of the kidney to become more permeable to water
29
Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate in the body?
Thyroid hormone
30
What is the function of PTH?
It stimulates bone resorption by osteoclasts to increase blood calcium levels
31
What is the function of the thyroid hormone?
- Increases the basal metabolic rate - Affects protein synthesis - Helps regulate long bone growth
32
What kind of function do growth factors and histamine have?
Paracrine function
33
What are endocrine glands?
Ductless glands whose hormones end up in the blood stream
34
Exocrine glands secrete
Produces into ducts