Neural Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of Neural Cells?

A
  • Neurons

- Glia

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2
Q

What do neurons start as?

A

Neural stem cells in the CNS

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3
Q

Neural stem cells in the CNS differentiate into

A

Neuroblasts

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4
Q

Neurons receive

A

Excitatory or inhibitory input

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5
Q

What are the types of Glia?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Ependymal Cells
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann Cells
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6
Q

Astrocytes are Glia cells of the

A

CNS

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7
Q

Astrocytes have end-feet which function to

A

Plaster on blood vessels, preventing molecules from leaving blood

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8
Q

Which Glia cells occupy a huge amount of space of CNS?

A

Astrocytes

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9
Q

Which Glia cells provide structural support of the CNS?

A

Astrocytes

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10
Q

Astrocytes perform Gliosis, which happens when

A

Cells proliferate, surround injury, and wall off the area of injury and form scar tissue

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11
Q

Astrocytes engage in homeostasis by

A

Balancing the interstitial fluid for neurons to function

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12
Q

How do Astrocytes keep the interstitial fluid stable?

A

They keep in and release ions

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13
Q

Astrocytes release lactate into the interstitial fluid, which functions to

A

Supply neurons if there are no oxygen

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14
Q

What clears out synapses between neurons?

A

Astrocytes

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15
Q

Microglia are derived from

A

Circulating monocytes

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16
Q

What are the types of Microglia?

A
  • Resting

- Active

17
Q

What are Resting Microglia?

A

Small soma with multiple, long processes hanging in different directions

18
Q

What is the function of Resting Microglia?

A

They sit around the fluid and sample it.

19
Q

When do Resting Microglia convert into Active Microglia?

A

When they detect inflammation

20
Q

Active Microglia look like

A

Large blobs

21
Q

Active Microglia look and act like

A

Macrophages

22
Q

What do Active Microglia do to kill bacteria?

A

They secrete cytotoxic substances

23
Q

Microglia place debris on their cell surfaces for

A

Lymphocytes, acting as Antigen-Presentation

24
Q

Ependymal Cells are Glial Cells of the CNS that are lined with

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

25
Ependymal Cells have microvilli that face
CSF
26
What is the function of the cilia of Ependymal Cells?
They move CSF around
27
Ependymal Cells form a barrier between
Interstital fluid and CSF
28
Oligodendrocytes are the Glia of the CNS that function to
Myelinate multiple axons
29
Schwann Cells are Glia cells of the
PNS
30
Unlike Oligodendrocytes, Schwann Cells are unable to
Myelinate multiple axons
31
Glial cells in the CNS are derived from
Neural stem cells
32
Glial cells in the PNS are derived from
Neural crest cells
33
Information is fired down the axon when
Threshold potential is crossed
34
What are Graded potentials?
Small and brief membrane potentials that are proportional to size and duration of input
35
Action potentials are large in size and
- Travel quickly down in axon | - Have consistent size and duration
36
Interneurons are
Neurons between neurons