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Khan Academy > GI Tract > Flashcards

GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

The Large Intestine is involved in

A

Absorption of water, ions, Vitamin K

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2
Q

What are the glands of the mouth?

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
  • Von Ebner’s
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3
Q

The Parotid Glands are found on the

A

Sides of the mouth

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4
Q

The Parotid Gland releases

A

Serous fluid, which contains enzymes

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5
Q

The Submandibular Gland produces how much saliva?

A

70%

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6
Q

The Submandibular Gland secretes mainly

A

Serous fluid

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7
Q

The Sublingual Gland is found below the

A

Tongue

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8
Q

The Sublingual Gland secretes mostly

A

Mucin

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9
Q

Von Ebner’s Gland releases

A

Lingual lipase

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10
Q

Alpha Amylase is released by which glands?

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
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11
Q

Sugar makes mouth more

A

Acidic

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12
Q

The Upper esophageal sphincter is made of

A

Skeletal muscle

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13
Q

The Lower esophageal sphincter has a sheet of

A

Muscle that lines the connection between the thoracic + abdominal cavity

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14
Q

The diaphragm makes a ring around which sphincter?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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15
Q

The top 1/3 of the esophagus is made of

A

Skeletal Muscle

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16
Q

The middle 1/3 of the esophagus contains

A

Both skeletal and smooth muscle

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17
Q

The bottom 1/3 of the esophagus is made of

A

Smooth muscle

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18
Q

The stomach churns the bolus via its

A

Muscular walls

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19
Q

Gastric wall has infoldings and layer of cells that

A

Secrete fluids

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20
Q

What are the three types of stomach cells?

A
  • Parietal
  • Chief
  • Mucus
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21
Q

Parietal Cells release

A

HCl

22
Q

Chief cells secrete

A

Pepsinogen

23
Q

Mucus Cells release

A

Mucin

24
Q

Mucin is essential for the stomach since it

A

Protects it from degradation via Pepsin or HCl

25
Q

What are the only nutrients that are broken down in the stomach?

A

Stomach

26
Q

What are the three parts of the Small Intestine?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
27
Q

Most of the absorption happens in which part of the Small Intestine?

A

Jejunum

28
Q

Vitamin absorption happens where in the Small Intestine?

A

Ileum

29
Q

The Duodenum is responsible for

A

Most of the digestion

30
Q

The Liver and Gallbladder deliver Bile to which part of the small intestine?

A

The Duodenum

31
Q

The Pancreas delivers its enzymes to the

A

Duodenum

32
Q

Proteins are broken down in the duodenum via

A

Brush border peptidases and pancreatic enzymes

33
Q

What are the pancreatic enzymes?

A

Trypsinogen + chymotrypsinogen

34
Q

Which pancreatic enzyme breaks down carbs?

A

Amylase

35
Q

What breaks down lactose?

A

The lactase found in the brush border

36
Q

Fats are emulsified by

A

Bile

37
Q

What breaks apart fatty acid chains?

A

Pancreatic lipase

38
Q

Nucleotides are broken by the brush border enzyme

A

Nucleosidase

39
Q

The Liver is an accessory organ that

A
  • Allows for metabolism
  • Stores carbohydrates and fats when no metabolism
  • Processes proteins into albumin
40
Q

The detoxification of the liver is done by

A

Cytochrome enzymes

41
Q

Bile leaves the liver via

A

Common hepatic duct

42
Q

What supplies the liver with nutrient rich blood?

A

Portal Vein

43
Q

What supplies O2 rich blood to the liver?

A

Proper Hepatic Artery

44
Q

The blood leaves the liver via the

A

Hepatic Vein

45
Q

Hepatic Lobules are

A

Small units of the liver

46
Q

Bile Salts function to

A

Emulsify fats into micelles, which can be absorbed in the Ileum

47
Q

Bile is temporarily stored in the

A

Gallbladder

48
Q

Bile leaves when encountered with

A

CCK

49
Q

CCK is a hormone that forces the gallbladder to

A

Contract

50
Q

Bile salts + fats are absorbed in the

A

Ileum

Khan Academy (81 decks)

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