GI Tract Flashcards
The Large Intestine is involved in
Absorption of water, ions, Vitamin K
What are the glands of the mouth?
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
- Von Ebner’s
The Parotid Glands are found on the
Sides of the mouth
The Parotid Gland releases
Serous fluid, which contains enzymes
The Submandibular Gland produces how much saliva?
70%
The Submandibular Gland secretes mainly
Serous fluid
The Sublingual Gland is found below the
Tongue
The Sublingual Gland secretes mostly
Mucin
Von Ebner’s Gland releases
Lingual lipase
Alpha Amylase is released by which glands?
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Sugar makes mouth more
Acidic
The Upper esophageal sphincter is made of
Skeletal muscle
The Lower esophageal sphincter has a sheet of
Muscle that lines the connection between the thoracic + abdominal cavity
The diaphragm makes a ring around which sphincter?
Lower esophageal sphincter
The top 1/3 of the esophagus is made of
Skeletal Muscle
The middle 1/3 of the esophagus contains
Both skeletal and smooth muscle
The bottom 1/3 of the esophagus is made of
Smooth muscle
The stomach churns the bolus via its
Muscular walls
Gastric wall has infoldings and layer of cells that
Secrete fluids
What are the three types of stomach cells?
- Parietal
- Chief
- Mucus
Parietal Cells release
HCl
Chief cells secrete
Pepsinogen
Mucus Cells release
Mucin
Mucin is essential for the stomach since it
Protects it from degradation via Pepsin or HCl
What are the only nutrients that are broken down in the stomach?
Stomach
What are the three parts of the Small Intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
Most of the absorption happens in which part of the Small Intestine?
Jejunum
Vitamin absorption happens where in the Small Intestine?
Ileum
The Duodenum is responsible for
Most of the digestion
The Liver and Gallbladder deliver Bile to which part of the small intestine?
The Duodenum
The Pancreas delivers its enzymes to the
Duodenum
Proteins are broken down in the duodenum via
Brush border peptidases and pancreatic enzymes
What are the pancreatic enzymes?
Trypsinogen + chymotrypsinogen
Which pancreatic enzyme breaks down carbs?
Amylase
What breaks down lactose?
The lactase found in the brush border
Fats are emulsified by
Bile
What breaks apart fatty acid chains?
Pancreatic lipase
Nucleotides are broken by the brush border enzyme
Nucleosidase
The Liver is an accessory organ that
- Allows for metabolism
- Stores carbohydrates and fats when no metabolism
- Processes proteins into albumin
The detoxification of the liver is done by
Cytochrome enzymes
Bile leaves the liver via
Common hepatic duct
What supplies the liver with nutrient rich blood?
Portal Vein
What supplies O2 rich blood to the liver?
Proper Hepatic Artery
The blood leaves the liver via the
Hepatic Vein
Hepatic Lobules are
Small units of the liver
Bile Salts function to
Emulsify fats into micelles, which can be absorbed in the Ileum
Bile is temporarily stored in the
Gallbladder
Bile leaves when encountered with
CCK
CCK is a hormone that forces the gallbladder to
Contract
Bile salts + fats are absorbed in the
Ileum
