Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Which heart valves are not actively closed by the contraction of muscular structures?

A

Semilunar valves

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2
Q

The first heart sound, “Lub,” indicates the heart

A

Entering systole

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3
Q

Systole is typically defined as

A

Ventricular contraction

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4
Q

The first heart sound indicates the

A

Closure of both mitral and tricuspid valves

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5
Q

The second heart sound indicates the

A

Beginning of diastole

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6
Q

The second heart sound, “Dup,” is due to the

A

Closure of the semilunar valves

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7
Q

What phase is the heart in between the first and second heart sounds?

A

Systole

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8
Q

During systole, the heart pumps blood from the

A

Ventricles

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9
Q

Which valves are closed during systole?

A

Atrioventricular valves

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10
Q

The closure of the semilunar valves is the start of

A

Isovolumetric relaxation

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11
Q

At the instant following the second heart sound, all valves are

A

Closed

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12
Q

All blood vessels have a

A

Tunica intima

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13
Q

The tunica intima is made of

A

Endothelial cells

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14
Q

What is the cellular messenger that results in the contraction of smooth muscle?

A

Intracellular calcium

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15
Q

The tunica media is a

A

Muscular layer

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16
Q

How does the tunica media change blood pressure?

A

It can be contracted and relaxed

17
Q

Blood pressure is highest at the

18
Q

What has lower pressure, capillaries or veins?

A

Veins / venules

19
Q

What layer of the heart would be most immediately susceptible to infections caused by bacteria circulating in the blood?

A

Endocardium

20
Q

What is the muscular portion of the heart?

A

Myocardium

21
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A double walled sac which encloses the heart

22
Q

What is the function of the pericardium?

A
  • Structural support

- Lubrication

23
Q

The epicardium is where the

A

Pericardium contacts the heart wall at the myocardium

24
Q

What is the function of the endocardium?

A

It lines the inside of the heart

25
The endocardium is in direct contact with
Circulating blood
26
What vessel carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart?
Pulmonary artery
27
What are the coronary arteries?
Vessels which supply the heart itself with oxygen and nutrients
28
The pulmonary artery brings blood from the
Right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
29
How can the circulatory system promote heat retention/conservation?
Vasoconstriction
30
Vasodilation results from a
Decrease in smooth muscle contraction