Endocrine Control Flashcards
The Hypothalamus is found in the
Forebrain
The Hypothalamus receives signals from the
PNS
The Hypothalamus funnels its signals into the
Pituitary gland
How does the Hypothalamus determine if we are hungry or not?
My reading the energy levels of the body
Insulin tells the hypothalamus that we are
Full
Glucagon tells the hypothalamus we are
Hungry
Increased lipid releases the hormone
Leptin
Leptin functions by
Inhibiting the feeling of hunger
Stomach has a hormone called Ghrelin that
Tells the hypothalamus it is hungry
The Pituitary Gland is located
Right below the hypothalamus
The Pituitary Gland controls
Other endocrine glands and hormonal response
The Hypothalamus reacts with the Anterior Pituitary via the
Hypophyseal portal system
The Hypothalamus reacts with the Posterior Pituitary via
Stimulation
Posterior Pituitary releases hypothalamus hormones like
ADH and Oxytocin
GnRH is a hypothalamus protein that travels to the
Anterior pituitary
GnRH stimulates for the Anterior to release
- LH
- FSH
FSH and LH stimulate the gonads to release
Their hormones
CRH is a hormone from the hypothalamus that stimulates the Anterior’s release of
ACTH
ACTH travels to the
Adrenal glands
TRH is a hormone from the hypothalamus that stimulates the Anterior’s release of
TSH, which stimulates the release of thyroid hormones
GHRH is a hormone from the hypothalamus that stimulates the Pituitary’s release of
GH, which goes to the long bones and muscles
What happens when PIF is not released from the hypthothalamus?
The posterior pituitary is signaled to release prolactin
FLAT hormones of the anterior pituitary are
Tropic
Tropic hormones are ones which
Stimulate other glands
PEG hormones are
Direct hormones
Hormone concentration in the blood is controlled via
Metabolism and excretion
The liver metabolizes the hormones and turn them into
Bile
Hormones can be removed by which organs?
- Liver
- Kidney
What are the three types of hormones?
- Proteins + polypeptides
- Steroids
- Tyrosine Derivatives
Proteins + polypeptide hormones are made of
Amino Acids
Most of the hormones in the body are
Proteins + polypeptides
Proteins + polypeptide hormones are made in the
Rough ER
Proteins + polypeptide hormones are
Typically charged
Proteins + polypeptide hormones function to initiate the
Cascade effect with secondary messengers in the inside of the cell
Insulin is an example of a
Polypeptide hormone
Steroid hormones are made of
Lipids / cholesterol
Steroid hormones consist of
Ring structures
Steroid hormones have receptors found in
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
Steroid hormones are able to function by
Affecting transcription and translation
Cortisol and sex hormones are examples of
Steroid hormones
Tyrosine Derivative hormones act like
Polypeptides or steroids
T3 and T4 are derivative hormones that act as
Steroids
Catecholamines are derivative hormones that act as
Polypeptide hormones by binding to outside of cells
Secondary Messengers consist of a
Hormone binding to receptors on the cell
Primary Messengers consist of
Steroids and Thyroid Hormones
In primary messengers, the hormone does all the work by
Binding to receptor, directly affecting central dogma
