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Khan Academy > Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

In the nucleus

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2
Q

The nucleus is surrounded by which two membranes?

A

Inner + Outer

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3
Q

What is the fluid in the nucleus?

A

Nucleoplasm

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4
Q

What allows for the exchange of materials both into and out of the nucleus?

A

Nuclear pores

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5
Q

How are nuclear pores selective with what can be transported?

A

They need to recognize signal in order to transport

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6
Q

The Nucleolus is the center of the Nucleus and is the site of

A

Ribosome assembly

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7
Q

How does the Nucleolus allow for Ribosome assembly?

A

It contains rRNA that is assembled with proteins to become ribosomes

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8
Q

The nucleus membrane is also connected with

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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9
Q

The Nuclear Envelope is composed of

A

Inner + Outer membranes + nuclear pores

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10
Q

Mitochondria is the site of

A

Cellular respiration

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11
Q

What happens in the Mitochondria?

A

Glucose (Pyruvate) is transformed into ATP

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12
Q

The Outer membrane of the Mitochondria is made of a

A

Lipid bilayer permeable to small molecules

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13
Q

The Inner membrane of the Mitochondria is made of a

A

Lipid bilayer not permeable to small molecules

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14
Q

The Inner membrane has folds called

A

Cristae

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15
Q

What is the function of cristae?

A

They increase SA, more room for cellular respiration

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16
Q

Where does ETC happen in the mitochondria?

A

In the inner membranes

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17
Q

Describe inner membrane of the Mitochondria

A
  • Studded with enzymes

- More acidic due to H+ ions

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18
Q

Mitochondria having its own genome allows for it to

A
  • Make some proteins for ETC

- Produce parts of protein synthase

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19
Q

The mitochondria has its own system of

A

Transcription and translation

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20
Q

The ER is a

A

Folded, continuous membranes

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21
Q

What is the site of protein synthesis?

A

ER

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22
Q

The ER sends proteins to the

A

GA

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23
Q

What is the site of protein synthesis?

A

The RER

24
Q

What happens to the proteins synthesized by the RER?

A
  • Secreted into EC environment
  • Become integral proteins
  • Might remain in the ER, GA, or in lysosomes
25
Q

RER proteins that become secreted or become part of the cell membrane follow which pathway?

A

The secretory pathway

26
Q

What is the secretory pathway?

A

The pathway a protein takes from when it’s synthesized until when it leaves the cell / becomes part of cell membrane

27
Q

When does a protein follow the secretory pathway?

A

When it receives a signal sequence, which is detected early on in translation

28
Q

What is the function of the SER?

A

It synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbs, and detoxifies drugs

29
Q

The GA is found near the

A

ER

30
Q

What is the GA?

A

Groups of sacs stacked together

31
Q

The modified RER proteins are sent to the

A

GA

32
Q

What is the function of the GA?

A
  • It sorts and sends proteins to proper destinations

- Synthesizes certain molecules that need to be secreted in the cell

33
Q

Where does the vesicle merge into the GA?

A

At the cis-stack

34
Q

In the GA, the protein undergoes modifications and is transferred into the

A

Medial stack

35
Q

What happens when the protein is in the trans-stack of the GA?

A

It can leave and can either go to cell membrane or into a lysosome

36
Q

What is the function of the Lysosome?

A

It digests molecules + substances

37
Q

What are the two functions of the Lysosome?

A
  • Autophagy

- Crinophagy

38
Q

What is Autophagy?

A

Lysosomes digest organelles part of the cell itself

39
Q

Macrophages of the immune system display

A

Autophagy

40
Q

Crinophagy is when

A

Lysosomes digest excess secretory products

41
Q

What is the function of the Peroxisome?

A

It breaks and detoxifies lipids

42
Q

Peroxisome isolates peroxides and uses catalase to

A

Break it into water and oxygen

43
Q

What are introns?

A

Bits of DNA that are cut out by molecules found in the nucleus

44
Q

What is differential splicing?

A

Different combinations of introns can be cut out to form variations on a protein

45
Q

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have repressors which function to

A
  • Bind DNA at promoter site

- Regulate transcription

46
Q

Mitochondrial DNA disorders are transferred through the

A

Maternal line

47
Q

What are Gangliosides?

A

Glycolipids attached to acids

48
Q

Microfilaments are made out of

A

Actin

49
Q

What is the function of Microfilaments?

A

They work with myosin filaments to contract the cell

50
Q

Microtubules are components of

A

Flagella and Cilia

51
Q

What is the function of Intermediate filaments?

A

They help the cell retain its shape in the face of mechanical stress

52
Q

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

It helps store calcium

53
Q

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells allows for

A

Efficient contractions

54
Q

Where are proteins made?

A
  • Ribosomes

- On Rough ER

55
Q

Microtubules are involved in

A
  • Cell structure

- Motility

56
Q

Microtubules can be found in

A

Mitotic spindles

Khan Academy (81 decks)

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