Nervous System Flashcards
The rhombencephalon is also known as the
Hindbrain
The hindbrain contains
- Medulla
- Pons
- Cerebellum
Proximal movements are from the
Body, going in towards the center
Distal movements are
Away from the CNS, towards the body
Basic functions are associated with
- Senses
- Movement
- Automatic function
The parasympathetic nerves originate in the
Brainstem or bottom of spinal cord
How are the axons of parasympathetic nerves when reaching other neurons?
Long
How are the axons of parasympathetic nerves when reaching target neurons?
Short
Sympathetic nerves originate in the
Center of the spinal cord
How are the axons of sympathetic nerves when reaching other neurons?
Short
How are the axons of sympathetic nerves when reaching target neurons?
Long
Extreme weakness and shrunken muscle is an example of
Atrophy
Atrophy is a sign of
Lower motor neuron dysfunction
Muscle spasticity is a feature of
Hypertonia
Hypertonia is the
Increased tone of skeletal muscle
Hypertonia is an indication of
Upper motor neuron
The involuntary rhythmic contraction of antagonist muscles is known
Clonus
Clonus is an indication of
Upper motor neuron dysfunction
Dopamine is released from the substantia nigra to the
Striatum
Dopamine is released from the hypothalamus to the
Pituitary gland
The raphe nuclei releases
Serotonin to the cerebral cortex
The parietal lobe is involved with
Sensation and perception
The temporal lobe is involved with
- Memory
- Emotion
- Hearing
- Language
Gangliosides are found on
Schwann Cells
What is the function of Ependymal cells?
They help form the barrier that holds in and produces CSF
What is the most common cell type in the brain?
Astrocyte
What are Oligodendrocytes?
Myelin sheaths that wrap around nerve axons to help speed conduction
The majority of the nervous system arises from
- Ectoderm
- Neural Crest Cells
Microglia arise from
Monocytes
The immune system arises from the
Mesoderm
What are Microglia?
The macrophages, or phagocytes, of the central nervous system
Unipolar neurons are found in humans during
Fetal development
Astrocytes are found in
Areas of brain scarring
Astrocytes are involved in
Strengthening the blood brain barrier
A local nerve block functions to
Block sensation but does not affect movement
