Protein Structure

Question 1

Amyloids are

Answer 1

Clumps of misfolded proteins

Question 2

Amyloids can result in

Answer 2

Dementia and memory loss

Question 3

What happens as Amyloids build up?

Answer 3

They interfere with the neuron’s ability to send message

Question 4

The Primary structure is a

Answer 4

Linear sequence of Amino Acids

Question 5

Primary structures are determined by

Answer 5

Peptide bonds

Question 6

The Secondary structure displays how the

Answer 6

Primary sequence folds upon itself

Question 7

Secondary structures are determined by

Answer 7

Backbone interactions and hydrogen bonds

Question 8

An Alpha-Helix Secondary structure consists of

Answer 8

H bonds run up and down

Question 9

Beta-Sheet Secondary Structures can be either

Answer 9

Parallel or antiparallel

Question 10

What plays a central role in formation of A and Bsheet?

Answer 10

Proline

Question 11

The Tertiary structure displays the

Answer 11

Higher order of folding within the chain

Question 12

Tertiary structures depend on

Answer 12

Distant group interactions like H bonding, Van Der Waals, Hydrophobic packing + disulfide bridge formation

Question 13

Hydrophobic packing is when

Answer 13

All the polar groups on exterior and nonpolar in the interior

Question 14

Disulfide bridge formation happens on the

Answer 14

Exterior of the cell, since it it an oxidizing environment

Question 15

Quaternary structures display

Answer 15

Bonding between multiple polypeptides

Question 16

What allows for the conformation of a protein to be stable?

Answer 16

The 4 levels of protein structure

Question 17

The protein is only functional when it is

Answer 17

In its proper conformation / proper 3D form

Question 18

An inactive protein is one that is

Answer 18

Improperly folded

Question 19

Along with proper conformation, what allows for a protein to be stable?

Answer 19

The solvation shell, which is a layer of solvent that surrounds the protein

Question 20

Denaturation of a protein can happen due to

Answer 20

Changes in temperature, pH, enzymes, or chemical denaturants

Question 21

Which stages does increased temperature denature?

Answer 21

• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Quaternary

Question 22

How does pH denature proteins?

Answer 22

It causes a disruption within ionic bonds

Question 23

How do chemical denaturants denature proteins?

Answer 23

They disrupt Hydrogen bonding

Question 24

Which stages do chemical denaturants denature?

Answer 24

• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Quaternary

Question 25

How do enzymes denature proteins?

Answer 25

They break bonds between the individual AA in the primary stage