Short term effects of deprivation

Question 1

what did Robertson and Bowlby (1952) suggest

Answer 1

The three stages of distress, the child will undergo

Question 2

What are the three stages of distress?

Answer 2

1. Protest.
2. Despair.
3. Detachment.

Question 3

Protest

Answer 3

Initial stage of separation
Last several hours or days
Child cries profusely and seeks mother figure
Refuses comfort from other adults or displayed exaggerated clinging to another adult

Question 4

Despair

Answer 4

Once initial process and screaming stops child, no longer anticipates mother and becomes increasingly hopeless
Child becomes withdrawn, demonstrates mourning
Child self soothe, and rejects comfort from others
Rocking, thumbsucking, cuddling, inanimate objects

Question 5

Detachment

Answer 5

Charger gains interest in its environment and accepts comfort and interaction from others
Child does not display normal reunion behaviour with mother
Child, rejects mother, and turns away it doesn’t accept her comfort

Question 6

Strength

Answer 6

Robertson
Observe stages of distress in 17 month old John
Placed in residential nursery for nine days or mother admitted to hospital to have a second child as father worked all day but visited him
John displayed all three stages

Question 7

Counterargument to Robertson - John

Answer 7

Spiro (1958)
Repeated case of boy, an Israeli kibbutz who was left for several weeks while his parents were away, and he still demonstrates the same distress as John
Familiar environment did not comfort for him

Question 8

Strength of hospital not john

Answer 8

Fagin (1966)
Studied matched children who were accompanied into hospital by their mothers or left alone
Those without mothers show distress

Question 9

Rene spitz (1887-1974)

Answer 9

Conducted research on orphans in 1940s and female prison babies
Mother is in prison regularly, visited baby
prison babies thrive, double orphaned, children displayed depression
Where is terrible nature of separation, but present babies had mother which made a big difference

Question 11

What age is separation anxiety observed in children

Answer 11

From around 7 months where they desplay a desire to be clsoe to mother and distress when separated

Question 12

Rene Spitz research on instituionalised children 1940s as evidence of length and nature f separatin

Answer 12

in south america in 1940s:

in 1 institutionalised, babies were seperated from their mothers at 3 months (mothers died) and placed into an orphanage awaiting fostering. in another, annexed to a womans prison (mothers there), the babies of inmates were seperated but had regular visits from their mothers-
——>prison babies were intellectually and emotionally more advanced, orphan babies displayed anaclitic depression and developmental delay

[regular visits makes for small length of seperation (vs forever), nature of seperation is worse if your mother dies. shows length and nature of seperation may have an effect]