Rugby social experiment - APFCE

Question 1

Problems with questionnaires

Answer 1

Social desirability bias (remove friends and make anonymous)
Possible biased sample (willing to spend time)

Question 2

Closed questions

Answer 2

Easy to analyse
Answers more objective
-cannot express own feelings
-oversimplified

Question 3

Open questions

Answer 3

Rich detail of behaviour
Unexpected results
-harder to draw conclusions
-interpretation is subjective

Question 4

Aim

Answer 4

Investigate theory that once a person feels that they belong to a group (social identification) their attitude towards other similar competing groups will be affected

Question 5

Qualitative over quantitative

Answer 5

Holistic approach = very good at looking at behaviour, so good for studying prejudice
Rich details = high validity, not oversimplified, reflects all data in final calculation
Uses thematic analysis = creates behavioural categories allow key features to be highlighted in a simple way for others to interpret

Question 6

Research hypothesis

Answer 6

one tailed
Rugby fans will show significantly more negative atittudes towards footballers than rugby players and positve attitudes to fellow rugy players more than football players

Question 7

Results quantitative

Answer 7

Positive from rugby to rugby was 8.1, and to footballers was 3.5, negative to rugby was 0.4 and to footballers was 4.6
The standardised results: positive from rugby:rugby = 1.6, to football players 2.2. Negative players was 5.3

Question 8

results qualitative

Answer 8

rugby players more masculine than football players
themes: culture 3, respect 6, physical, sportsmanship 3, real men”, dont play for money”, bigger, less arrogant, fun, good not arses

Question 9

Construct validity low

Answer 9

Low
Question “are rugby players approachable”, meant as friendly but interpreted differently - facial injuries may make them unapproachable and reason for someone looking unsafe

Question 10

Construct validity high

Answer 10

-lied about purpose of study to prevent social desirability bias
-separated them from their friends (don’t answer in a way to impress friends and make them laugh) - really measuring their opinion

Question 11

Population validity

Answer 11

target pop -> rugby fans of all ages
sample -> rugby fans aged 16-18, less mature (brain not fully developed), higher self esteem needs (social desirability), more extreme attitudes so more outgroup negativity

Question 12

Ecological validity

Answer 12

exaggerate ideas because of questionnaire
anonymous written questionnaire is likely to result in views that are quite extreme and exaggerated vs the kind of hostility that you would see in real life (fights in school between rugby and football fans)
may also be due to consequences

Question 13

Reliability good

Answer 13

mostly reliable - mostly closed questions
Closed ended questionnaire -> forced choiced nature of questions funnels people towardws very similar options each time the test is done

Question 14

Reliability bad

Answer 14

open-ended questions
can depend on many variables such as mood, if in bad mood may act more hostile towards football players
won’t get same answer each time unlike closed questions

Question 15

Objectivity good

Answer 15

closed questons
quantitative data in scoring system using maths, does not require opinion when comparing answers

Question 16

Objectivity bad

Answer 16

open questions
qualitative analyses using thematic analysis
opninion required for themes and quotes