Neuron’s, synaptic transmissions and neurotransmitters

Question 1

Cell body

Answer 1

Nucleus containing genetic material of a cell

Question 2

Dendrites

Answer 2

Carry impulses along from neurons to cell body

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

Carries impulses away from cell body down neuron

Question 4

Myelin Sheath

Answer 4

Axon covered by fatty layer formed from special cells protecting axon and speeding up transmission of impulse

Question 5

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 5

Gaps in myelin sheath increase speed by forcing impulses to jump across faps along length of axon

Question 6

Terminal buttons

Answer 6

End of axons, not physically connected to next neuron but involved in communication across a synapse

Question 7

Sensory neurons

Answer 7

Carry messages from sensory receptors along nerves in the PNS and CNS

Question 8

Motor neurons

Answer 8

Carry messages from CNS along nerves in PNS to effectors

Question 9

Relay neurons

Answer 9

Connect sensory and motor neurons together and connect other relay neurons

Question 10

State of neuron when resting then activated

Answer 10

Inside of cell negatively charged relative to the outside
But when activated by stimulus, inside of neuron becomes positively charged for a split second

Question 11

Change from negative to positive charge name

Answer 11

Depolarisation

Question 12

How do neurons communicate with eachother

Answer 12

Signals between neurons transmitted chemically over synapse
AP reaches end of neuron it triggers release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter molecules cross gap and fit into matching receptor sites
Chemical signal carried by neurotransmitters converted back into an electrical signal in postsynaptic
neuron, which may fire another AP
Neurotransmitter molecules remain in synapse and reabsorbed into presynaptic neuron