Media Influence and the Effect of Vicarious Reinforcement - Bandura 1963 Flashcards
Strength of both experiments?
High degree of control over extraneous variables:
+Matched for aggression, reducing impact of individual differences in aggression
+Non aggressive conditions allowed researchers to control for spontaneous aggression
+ observing children one at a time controlled for possibility of imitating children/conformity effect
[Fairly sure observed aggression was result of imitation of the model enhancing construct validity. BUT aggression only to the doll so doesn’t generalise to real life (eco val)]
Weakness of the experiments?
High risk of demand characteristics:
Noble (1975) reports that one child arriving at the lab said ‘Look mummy there’s the doll we have to hit
They believed they were expected to aggress towards the doll- why else would the adult have modelled aggression in front of them
[Cues for the children as to how they were expected to behave so lacks validity. Can’t be sure to what extent the results reflect learning and are affected by demand characteristics]
Application of Bandura et al 1963,65 (film mediated models and influence of model’s reinforcement)?
Informed the development of the Sabido method:
Bandura and Sabido (Bandura 2017) pioneered the use of soap operas to tackle specific social problems in countries across the world- viewers identify with the popular characters who become role models
Research that these serials are highly effective in prompting behavioural change demonstrates the significant contribution of SLT in promoting beneficial behaviours
Aim of film mediated aggressive models 1963?
To see if a filmed or cartoon model would have the same effects as a live model in children’s aggression
Sample of film mediated aggressive models 1963?
48 boys and 48 girls (39 to 52 months old)
Research method and design of film mediated aggressive models 1963?
Lab experiment
Independent groups design
IV and DV for film mediated aggressive models 1963?
IV= model (live or filmed or cartoon)
DV= levels of child’s aggression
Procedure of film mediated aggressive models 1963?
Random allocation to 4 conditions:
Live aggression
Filmed realistic aggression
Cartoon aggression (model dresses as cat aggress to Bobo doll)
Control group
Children then deliberately frustrated and taken to a playroom, aggression levels measured
Findings of film mediated aggressive models 1963?
Mean total aggressive acts was 83 live, 92 filmed realistic, 99 cartoon
Differences between conditions were not significant but all differed significantly from control condition (54)
Conclusion of film mediated aggressive models 1963?
Exposure to live or filmed aggression increases the likelihood of aggression in response to frustration, even if the aggression is modelled by a cartoon figure
Aim of influence of model’s reinforcement 1965?
To consider whether reinforcement and punishment of an aggressive model would influence aggression displayed
Sample of influence of model’s reinforcement 1965? +Research method and design
33 boys and 33 girls (42 to 71 months)
Lab experiment, independent groups design
IV and DV of influence of model’s reinforcement 1965?
IV= Observed consequence for the model
DV= Child’s aggression
Procedure of influence of model’s reinforcement 1965?
Random allocation to three conditions (all had model aggressing to Bobo doll):
Model rewarded (another adult praised and gave chocolate)
Model punished (second adult scolded model and spanked them with a magazine)
No consequence
……………………………..
Children deliberately frustrated and taken to a playroom. All groups were later offered attractive rewards to aggress towards the doll
Findings of influence of model’s reinforcement 1965?
Children in the ‘model punished’ condition were significantly less aggressive. But introducing the promise of a reward wiped out the difference, increasing the scores significantly for all groups.
