Privation (Research/Genie)

Question 1

Who is genie and what happened to her

Answer 1

13 yr old, severely neglected
Locked in room with cot, potty chair and cotton reels to play with
Repeatedly beat by father for vocalising
Partially blind mother also victim of abuse

Question 2

Where did genie end up going and what was she diagnosed with

Answer 2

Custody of Los Angeles Hospital
Found with severe emotional and intellectual retardation, virtually mute, awkward posture and stooped, malnourished, scratched and bit herself, ring callus around buttocks, frequently urinated in clothing, could not chew only fed baby food

Question 3

What did genie improve in the first few days of the hospital

Answer 3

Able to urinate independently
Form attachments with staff

Question 4

What did genie improve in several months

Answer 4

Play and utter words

Question 5

What could genie never improve

Answer 5

Grammar
Vocabulary was excellent but could not string words together

Question 6

What was genies living status like throughout her life

Answer 6

Taken from hospital fostered by jean Butler research working on linguistic abilities
Butler could not provide adequate care
Placed in family home
Money pulled so she went to a foster home
Now she lives in an adult foster home

Question 7

What happened at Genie’s first foster home

Answer 7

Badly beaten for vomiting and so she resulted to not speaking again incase she vomited and got beaten again

Question 8

What scientific debate could Genie’s case help with

Answer 8

Critical period hypothesis (learning languages during critical period)

Question 10

What did Genie learn to help with her communication

Answer 10

Sign language

Question 11

how did genie express anger

Answer 11

Scratch face

Question 12

What were genie’s first question

Answer 12

Where’s dad

Question 13

What issue did psychologists disagree on

Answer 13

What she mentally retarded from birth

Question 14

Bulldogs bank study researched who

Answer 14

6 children who’s parents died during holocaust
In 1937 Bulldogs Bank was a hostel set up to look after children whose parents passed away

Question 15

BB what were the children like in the beginning vs end

Answer 15

Began aggressive behaviour towards staff, hitting and spitting
In 1946 children showed signs of attachment as they began to build ties and show adults empathy

Question 16

BB What were the childrens relationship like with one another

Answer 16

Stayed attached and bonded to one another
Did everything together
Limited feel for adult attachment during time in hostel

Question 17

conclusion of BB

Answer 17

Even after upbringing they could still make bonds with each other, negative effects mostly reduced
Very young children develop strong sense of fairness as shown in children, would share leadership of group
Children with severe behaviour difficulties may be sign of privation and not mental health issues
Negative effects can be reversed if have secure attachment to peers and adults

Question 18

BB evaluation

Answer 18

+ high ev = could not set up experience due to ethics
- privation = did they really experience privation if they had each other -> but didnt have adult care but prisoners of war did care for them when they could

Question 19

What was Koluchova (Czech twins)

Answer 19

Monozygotic twins whose mother died giving birth
Put in children’s home for 11 months before aunt took responsibility
Sent back to home with father, living with stepmother father 2 adopted siblings and 2 biological sisters

Question 20

What happened to the czech twins

Answer 20

Physically abused, kept in basement, socially isolated from siblings spending 5.5 years with themselves
Father forced to take them to paediatrician to prove they are unfit for school, saw they were neglected and placed into recovery program
Then given to their sisters with protection from foster parents

Question 21

What age were czech twins discovdered

Answer 21

6

Question 22

What did the czech twins suffer with

Answer 22

Rickets and lacked normal speech so communicated with gestures
IQ less then 40, no test to measure it because it was so low. At 18 their IQ was 114 and 112 (normal for age group)

Question 23

Evaluation of czech twins

Answer 23

• ungeneralisable = case study
• not completely isolated = had eachother so attachment protected them from some negative effects
• not known exactly how well negative effects were reversed
  + used quantitative and qualitative methods
  + longitudinal = can’t be created in lab

Question 24

Hodges and Tizard (1989) what is it about

Answer 24

65 children development in residential nursery
Good quality care but discouraged from forming attachments with children
Compared those who were adopted to those who remained in institution at age 4

Question 25

Findings of Hodges and Tizard

Answer 25

8 yr old those adopted formed good attachments
Social and intellectual development improved
Those returned to families showed more behavioural problems and weaker attachments
Those in institution showed social relationship difficulties and attention seeking

Question 26

Conclusion of hodges and tizard

Answer 26

Bowlby oversimplified maternal deprivation as children could make attachments but does need to come from adults attentive and nurturing
Loving relationships and high quality care needed to reverse privation
Differences between adopted and restored to original homes can be due to adoptive parents enthusiasm and biological ambivalent

Question 27

Evaluation of hodges and tizzard

Answer 27

• Construct v = given back to families, biological parents did not want them. Adoptive families wanted children so highly motivated for child
  + longitudinal = collected data at regular itnervals
  + highlight importance of attachment figure

Question 28

Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees (1998) aims

Answer 28

investigate development of Romanian orphanages adopted into UK families compared to children adopted born into UK

Question 29

Sample of Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees

Answer 29

165 randomly sampled romanian orphans raised in appalling conditions from first few weeks of life
divided into those adopted at 6mnths-2yrs
Development after being fostered vs 52 adopted children who spent no time in care

Question 30

What did Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees find in their development

Answer 30

romanian adoptees caught up in weight, height, head circumference, cognitive ability
but never fully catch up with UK adoptees

Question 31

What significant problems did the romanian children adopted after 6 months experience

Answer 31

overreactivity
difficulties forming attachments
social interactions

Question 32

How long were the problems the romanian children adopted after 6 months last for

Answer 32

up to 15 years

Question 33

Conclusion of romanian adoptee study

Answer 33

If adopted after 6 months early privation had prolonged effect

Question 34

Evaluation of romanian adoptee study

Answer 34

+ Experimental control = longitudinal study, results more accurate and avoid cohort effects
- Ungeneralisable to other countries = romanian institution extreme conditions of privation, overpopulated, no attention from adults, very poor living conditions

Question 35

Application of Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees

Answer 35

Need more staff in institution so available for child’s social and emotional needs

Question 36

Background information of Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees

Answer 36

Romania communist country
communists believed if they produced more children they would have a higher influx of money
after the collapse parents could not look after children and handed them over to the government where they were crammed into orphanages with poor living environments where they were malnourished and privated

Question 37

Describe Bulldogs Bank (Freud and Dann 1951)

Answer 37

Studies and cared for 6 jewish orphans raised in a concentration camp. Motherless and raised by inmates. Exposed to limited space, no toys couldnt form attachments due to infrequent care
Rescued to bulldogs bank
Initally aggressive and hostile. Chidlren remained attached in new environment. Poor eaters and verbally aggressive to one another
After bonding formed attachments to adult staff who consistently avaulable and sensitive to their needs, when put in foster care successfully formed relationships with adults
Developed normal intelligence