Privation (Research/Genie) Flashcards
Who is genie and what happened to her
13 yr old, severely neglected
Locked in room with cot, potty chair and cotton reels to play with
Repeatedly beat by father for vocalising
Partially blind mother also victim of abuse
Where did genie end up going and what was she diagnosed with
Custody of Los Angeles Hospital
Found with severe emotional and intellectual retardation, virtually mute, awkward posture and stooped, malnourished, scratched and bit herself, ring callus around buttocks, frequently urinated in clothing, could not chew only fed baby food
What did genie improve in the first few days of the hospital
Able to urinate independently
Form attachments with staff
What did genie improve in several months
Play and utter words
What could genie never improve
Grammar
Vocabulary was excellent but could not string words together
What was genies living status like throughout her life
Taken from hospital fostered by jean Butler research working on linguistic abilities
Butler could not provide adequate care
Placed in family home
Money pulled so she went to a foster home
Now she lives in an adult foster home
What happened at Genie’s first foster home
Badly beaten for vomiting and so she resulted to not speaking again incase she vomited and got beaten again
What scientific debate could Genie’s case help with
Critical period hypothesis (learning languages during critical period)
What did Genie learn to help with her communication
Sign language
how did genie express anger
Scratch face
What were genie’s first question
Where’s dad
What issue did psychologists disagree on
What she mentally retarded from birth
Bulldogs bank study researched who
6 children who’s parents died during holocaust
In 1937 Bulldogs Bank was a hostel set up to look after children whose parents passed away
BB what were the children like in the beginning vs end
Began aggressive behaviour towards staff, hitting and spitting
In 1946 children showed signs of attachment as they began to build ties and show adults empathy
BB What were the childrens relationship like with one another
Stayed attached and bonded to one another
Did everything together
Limited feel for adult attachment during time in hostel
conclusion of BB
Even after upbringing they could still make bonds with each other, negative effects mostly reduced
Very young children develop strong sense of fairness as shown in children, would share leadership of group
Children with severe behaviour difficulties may be sign of privation and not mental health issues
Negative effects can be reversed if have secure attachment to peers and adults
BB evaluation
+ high ev = could not set up experience due to ethics
- privation = did they really experience privation if they had each other -> but didnt have adult care but prisoners of war did care for them when they could
What was Koluchova (Czech twins)
Monozygotic twins whose mother died giving birth
Put in children’s home for 11 months before aunt took responsibility
Sent back to home with father, living with stepmother father 2 adopted siblings and 2 biological sisters
What happened to the czech twins
Physically abused, kept in basement, socially isolated from siblings spending 5.5 years with themselves
Father forced to take them to paediatrician to prove they are unfit for school, saw they were neglected and placed into recovery program
Then given to their sisters with protection from foster parents
What age were czech twins discovdered
6
What did the czech twins suffer with
Rickets and lacked normal speech so communicated with gestures
IQ less then 40, no test to measure it because it was so low. At 18 their IQ was 114 and 112 (normal for age group)
Evaluation of czech twins
- ungeneralisable = case study
- not completely isolated = had eachother so attachment protected them from some negative effects
- not known exactly how well negative effects were reversed
+ used quantitative and qualitative methods
+ longitudinal = can’t be created in lab
Hodges and Tizard (1989) what is it about
65 children development in residential nursery
Good quality care but discouraged from forming attachments with children
Compared those who were adopted to those who remained in institution at age 4
Findings of Hodges and Tizard
8 yr old those adopted formed good attachments
Social and intellectual development improved
Those returned to families showed more behavioural problems and weaker attachments
Those in institution showed social relationship difficulties and attention seeking
Conclusion of hodges and tizard
Bowlby oversimplified maternal deprivation as children could make attachments but does need to come from adults attentive and nurturing
Loving relationships and high quality care needed to reverse privation
Differences between adopted and restored to original homes can be due to adoptive parents enthusiasm and biological ambivalent
Evaluation of hodges and tizzard
- Construct v = given back to families, biological parents did not want them. Adoptive families wanted children so highly motivated for child
+ longitudinal = collected data at regular itnervals
+ highlight importance of attachment figure
Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees (1998) aims
investigate development of Romanian orphanages adopted into UK families compared to children adopted born into UK
Sample of Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees
165 randomly sampled romanian orphans raised in appalling conditions from first few weeks of life
divided into those adopted at 6mnths-2yrs
Development after being fostered vs 52 adopted children who spent no time in care
What did Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees find in their development
romanian adoptees caught up in weight, height, head circumference, cognitive ability
but never fully catch up with UK adoptees
What significant problems did the romanian children adopted after 6 months experience
overreactivity
difficulties forming attachments
social interactions
How long were the problems the romanian children adopted after 6 months last for
up to 15 years
Conclusion of romanian adoptee study
If adopted after 6 months early privation had prolonged effect
Evaluation of romanian adoptee study
+ Experimental control = longitudinal study, results more accurate and avoid cohort effects
- Ungeneralisable to other countries = romanian institution extreme conditions of privation, overpopulated, no attention from adults, very poor living conditions
Application of Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees
Need more staff in institution so available for child’s social and emotional needs
Background information of Rutter and the English and Romanian Adoptees
Romania communist country
communists believed if they produced more children they would have a higher influx of money
after the collapse parents could not look after children and handed them over to the government where they were crammed into orphanages with poor living environments where they were malnourished and privated
Describe Bulldogs Bank (Freud and Dann 1951)
Studies and cared for 6 jewish orphans raised in a concentration camp. Motherless and raised by inmates. Exposed to limited space, no toys couldnt form attachments due to infrequent care
Rescued to bulldogs bank
Initally aggressive and hostile. Chidlren remained attached in new environment. Poor eaters and verbally aggressive to one another
After bonding formed attachments to adult staff who consistently avaulable and sensitive to their needs, when put in foster care successfully formed relationships with adults
Developed normal intelligence
