Shackleton 01_05

Question 1

1. I was born in the land of the four-leaf clovers. (Nb - in Spanish express in the plural)
2. I’ve never met such terrible (or awful) companions! (This is colq meaning. What literal meaning of adj?)
3. They threw their arms around each other** and she was unable to **hold back her tears. (loc vb)
4. it’s the ideal time to gather around a fireplace. (what is a less formal meaning of this vb?)

Answer 1

1. nací en la tierra de los tréboles de cuatro hojas.
2. ¡Jamás he conocido a unos compañeros tan desastrosos! (disastrous)
3. Se fundieron en un abrazo** y ella fue incapaz de **refrenar las lágrimas. (fundirse en un abrazo) (fundirse = lit, to melt)
4. es el momento ideal para reunirse en torno a una chimenea (to get together) (from house advert)

Question 2

1. Tosswill’s voice brought her out of her reverie.
2. He jumped to his feet (loc vb - to jump)
3. and so I check (or go over) the ropes (ie to keep warm)
4. Tosswill feared he had said something inappropriate
5. Thirteen and nine add up to twenty-two

Answer 2

1. La voz de Tosswill le sacó de su ensimismamiento
2. Dio un brinco se puso de pie (dar un brinco)
3. y así repaso las cuerdas.
4. Tosswill temió haber dicho algo inconveniente
5. Trece y nueve suman veintidós

Question 3

1a. Let’s hang the sleeping bags out to dry (Nb - spanish struct for out to dry)
1b. Worsley turned** his sleeping bag **inside out.
2a. bodies skinny and pale from the cold
2b. faces blackened from the cooking smoke (to blacken)
2c. hands covered in sores where the ice had struck them (strike = loc vb)

Answer 3

1a. Colguemos los sacos de dormir para que se sequen.
1b. Worsley volvió del revés su saco de dormir
2a. cuerpos delgaduchos y pálidos por el frío
2b. rostros tiznados por el humo de la cocina (tiznar)
2c. manos llagadas** allá donde el hielo **se** había **cebado en ellas (cebarse en) (llagar - to cause sores on)

Question 4

1. when a sudden tack caused another shower of spray. (Expl 1. sudden = only re movement, 2. tack (boat) = swerve or turn, 3. caused = a formal word, 4. spray (if sea)
2. They continued to struggle on for two hours (vb - idea, persevere or slog)
3. Land ahoy! (Nb. The spanish prep is more literal)
4. Zara tied up the line and saw that Worsley looked on the verge of tears. (Expl. 1. line, naut. term only, 2. fml = ver)
5. No wonder, she thought,

Answer 4

1. cuando un viraje brusco provocó una nueva lluvia de espuma
2. Siguieron bregando durante dos horas
3. ¡Tierra a la vista!
4. Zara ató el cabo y apreció que Worsley parecía al borde de las lágrimas.
5. No era para menos, pensó,

Question 5

1. Even she sensed that this was a feat (or great achievement). (colq word 4 even)
2. She looked up and saw the swell was crashing against the reefs.
3. Dejected, she saw that the boss was not reacting to …
4. Hoist the reefed sails! (1. vb - to hoist, naut. term, 2. explain origin to reef, naut)
5. She shook her head and grabbed the jib, shabby (or ragged) (or tattered) from so much reefing of it. (What is a jib?) (Explain origin of adj + why use for clothes or a person)

Answer 5

1. Hasta ella intuía que aquello era una proeza
2. Alzó la vista y vio cómo el oleaje se estrellaba contra los arrecifes
3. Abatida, vio que el jefe no respondía a…
4. ¡Izad las velas arrizadas! (arrizar → rizar = to crimp or to curl → rizado)
5. Sacudió la cabeza y agarró el foque, andrajosa de tanto rizarla. (Small diagonal sail at the front of all the other sails) (andrajosa → andrajo = rags)

Question 6

1. Kneeling on their sharp edges
2. In spite of the bruises and the wild wind (What alt adj 4 wild?)
3. Away from the shore so as not to shatter the boat against the reefs (vb, also means to cut short, eg a life)
4. an insidious hail that forced them to take cover** (or **to shelter) below deck
5. The boat did not stop bouncing, hindering their movements. (vb - to hinder)

Answer 6

1. Arrodillados sobre sus cantos afilados
2. A pesar de las magulladuras y del viento asalvajado (or asilvestrado)
3. Alejados de la costa para no tronchar el bote contra los arrecifes
4. un granizo insidioso que les obligó a parapetarse bajo cubierta
5. El bote no dejó de brincar, entorpeciendo sus movimientos (entorpecer)

Question 7

1. They should take the rifle, they don’t know what they’re going to find.
2. I find it hard* (or *difficult), but … thanks for everything.
3. I’ve done a final count of the supplies.
4. [it was] by chance** (or **a stroke of luck**) they had not **become lost. (What vb mean fig?)
5. For your carelessness** (or **slackness (infml)), I could have condemned twenty-nine people.

Answer 7

1. Deberían llevar el rifle, desconocen lo que van a encontrar
2. me resulta complicado, pero … gracias por todo
3. He hecho un último recuento de las provisiones
4. No se** habían **extraviado** **de chiripa** (to **go astray**, or to **go off the rails)
5. Por su desidia, podía haber condenado a veintinueve personas

Question 8

1. Her boots sank up to her ankles
2. He took out the binoculars and, as soon as he put them over his eyes .. (expl struct - as soon as)
3. They spread themselves around so that the wind wouldn’t diminish the flame. (alt vb = disminuir)
4. the emptiness of their stomachs was getting bigger
5. Just a second ago!

Answer 8

1. Las botas se hundían hasta los tobillos
2. Extrajo los binoculares y, nada más posarlos sobre sus ojos … (nada más + inf)
3. Se distribuyeron alrededor para que el viento no menguara la llama (menguar)
4. el vacío de sus estómagos se** iba **agrandando (agrandarse)
5. ¡Hace un segundo!

Question 9

1. the ascent towards a range of five crags (or cliffs) that towered in front of them. (vb)
2. For an hour they climbed by an _increasingly_ steep slope.
3. And in view of how dangerous it … (loc prep = 1. in view of + 2. other meaning?)
4. Shouldn’t we look for another way down?
5. They set out on the return*** (or the ***way back) (vb)

Answer 9

1. el ascenso hacia una cordillera de cinco riscos que se alzaba frente a ellos (alzarse)
2. Durante una hora ascendieron por una pendiente _cada vez más_ empinada
3. Y a la vista de lo peligroso que … (2. = in front of)
4. ¿No deberíamos buscar otra bajada?
5. Emprendieron el regreso (emprender)

Question 10

1. He contemplated the peaks, majestic, shining and covered with snow…
2. the contrast between the crags (or cliffs), the glittering snow and the intense blue of the sky (1. Not acantilado 2. a diff adj for shining than 1 above))
3. they seemed to form a backdrop** (or **a background) to the mystical silence of an impassable landscape (expl loc. prep)
4. they would have to retrace their steps and choose one of the remaining valleys. (vb, as in, to go back along)

Answer 10

1. Contempló los picachos, majestuosos, brillantes y cubiertos de nieve …
2. el contraste entre los riscos , la nieve fulgurante y el azul intenso del cielo
3. parecían formar un telón de fondo de aquel silencio místico de un paisaje intransitable (telón = a large piece of fabric, prob comes from theatre)
4. tendrían que desandar el camino y elegir uno de los valles que quedaban

Question 11

1. even the air seemed acquire warmth (even = colq use. What prep normally mean?)
2. But the sun was going down virtually _before our eye_s (or _in plain sight_)
3. the moon faded away to the west (vb = to go pale)
4. the reflection of two glaciers in the distance
5. What a trek (or a hike)!

Answer 11

1. hasta el aire parecía adquirir tibieza (hasta = until, till)
2. Pero el sol descendía casi a ojos vistas
3. la luna palidecía al oeste (palidecer)
4. el reflejo de dos glaciares a lo lejos
5. ¡Vaya caminata!

Question 12

1. We’ll stop for breakfast (Clue: not parar)
2. he listened to the bubbling of the stew
3. a few strands of dried tobacco (N = also thread, for sewing)
4. Zara felt a stinging in her eyes as she saw the boss break down (Vb = lit, fall down or collapse, non-reflex = to demolish)
5. the thrill of knowing that they had made it … with all that that _entailed_ (Nb thrill, as in emotion or feeling)

Answer 12

1. Nos detendremos para desayunar
2. escuchó el borboteo del estofado
3. unas hebras de tabaco seco
4. Zara sintió un escozor en los ojos cuando vio que el jefe se derrumbaba (derrumbarse)
5. la emoción de saber que lo habían logrado … con todo lo que aquello conllevaba

Question 13

1. The boss was chopping out steps with the hoe (Nb same vb = to chop)
2. as they became deformed wheneverthey stepped on, and the slightest slip of any one of them …
3. He leaned his back against the wall and kicked [] the snow. (seen vb 1 in Capitán Riley. Vb 2 = loc vb)
4. he seemed to be imbued with an irrepressible (or unstoppable) desire to move forward.

Answer 13

1. El jefe fue tajando escalones con la azada
2. pues se deformaban a medida que los pisaban y el menor resbalón de cualquiera de ellos …
3. Recostó su espalda en la pared y dio un puntapié en la nieve
4. parecía estar impregnado de un deseo irrefrenable de avanzar