Sedative Hypnotics

Question 1

Good hypnotic activity with less CNS SE than most benzodiazepines

Answer 1

Zolpidem, zaleplon

Question 2

Occurs when sedative hypnotics are used chronically or at high doses

Answer 2

Tolerance

Question 3

Barbiturate used for the induction of anesthesia

Answer 3

Thiopental

Question 4

Major effect of benzodiazepines on sleep at high doses

Answer 4

REM is decreased

Question 5

Benzodiazepine that is used for anesthesia

Answer 5

Midazolam

Question 6

Important drug interaction with chloral hydrate

Answer 6

May displace coumadin from plasma proteins

Question 7

Benzodiazepine that undergo extrahepatic conjugation (which are useful in older or hepatically impaired)

Answer 7

Lorazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam

Question 8

Barbiturates decrease the effectiveness of many other drugs via this pharmacokinetics property

Answer 8

Liver enzyme INDUCTION

Question 9

MOA for benzodiazepines

Answer 9

increase the FREQUENCY of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel opening

Question 10

Barbiturates MOA

Answer 10

Increase the DURATION of GABA-mediated chloride ion channels

Question 11

Main route of metabolism for benzodiazepines

Answer 11

Hepatic

Question 12

Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)

Answer 12

Flumazenil

Question 13

Agents having active metabolites, long half lives, and a high incidence of adverse effects

Answer 13

Diazepam, Flurazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and clorazepate

Question 14

DOC for status epilepticus

Answer 14

Diazepam

Question 15

Benzodiazepine with useful relaxant effects in skeletal muscle spasticity of central origin

Answer 15

Diazepam

Question 16

Benzodiazepine that has efficacy against absence seizures and in anxiety states, such as agoraphobia

Answer 16

Clonazepam

Question 17

Longer acting benzodiazepines used in the management of withdrawal states of alcohol and other drugs

Answer 17

Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam

Question 18

Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety

Answer 18

Buspirone

Question 19

Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor

Answer 19

Buspirone

Question 20

Site of action for zaleplon and zolpidem

Answer 20

Benzodiazepine receptor BZ1 (although are not considered benzodiazepines)

Question 21

Neurologic SE of benzodiazepines

Answer 21

Anterograde amnesia

Question 22

Benzodiazepines that are the most effective in the treatment of panic disorder

Answer 22

Alprazolam and Clonazepam

Question 23

The most common type of drug interaction of sedative hypnotics with other depressant medications

Answer 23

Additive CNS depression

Question 24

Barbiturates may precipitate this hematologic condition

Answer 24

Acute intermittent porphyria

Question 25

Reason benzos are used cautiously in pregnancy

Answer 25

Ability to cross the placenta

Question 26

Common side effect of hypnotic agents

Answer 26

Sedation