Pancreatic Hormones, antidb, Hyperglycermics

Question 1

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT’s

Answer 1

Acarbose

Question 2

Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

Answer 2

Acarbose, miglitol

Question 3

Drugs available in combination with metformin

Answer 3

Acroplus Met progutazone and metformin, Janumet and Janumet XR Sitagliptin and Metformin, Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone

Question 4

MOA of AGI’s

Answer 4

Act on intestine, delay absorption of glucose

Question 5

Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin production

Answer 5

C-peptide

Question 6

Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life

Answer 6

Chlorpropamide

Question 7

First generation sulfonylurea

Answer 7

Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.

Question 8

MOA of metformin

Answer 8

Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity

Question 9

SE of Thiazolindinediones

Answer 9

Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism; if used over one year, bladder Cancer; with CHF, may cause new or worsening CHF

Question 10

SE of AGI’s

Answer 10

Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps

Question 11

Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action

Answer 11

Glargine (Lantus)

Question 12

Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation

Answer 12

Glucagon

Question 13

Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver

Answer 13

GLUT 2

Question 14

Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation

Answer 14

GLUT 4

Question 15

Second generation sulfonylurea

Answer 15

Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.

Question 16

Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market

Answer 16

Hepatic toxicity

Question 17

Major side effect of insulin

Answer 17

Hypoglycemia

Question 18

Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide

Answer 18

Hypoglycemia

Question 19

MOA of both generations

Answer 19

Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels

Question 20

MOA of repaglinide

Answer 20

Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea

Question 21

Beta cells are found

Answer 21

Islets of Langerhans

Question 22

Most important potential SE of metformin

Answer 22

Lactic acidosis

Question 23

Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action

Answer 23

Lispro (Humalog)/Apidra (glulisine)

Question 24

Biguanide

Answer 24

Metformin

Question 25

Amino acid derivative for treatment of Type II diabetes

Answer 25

Nateglinide

Question 26

Endogenous insulin

Answer 26

Normal C-peptide

Question 27

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 27

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)

Question 28

Alpha cells in the pancreas

Answer 28

Produce glucagon

Question 29

Beta cells in the pancreas

Answer 29

Produce insulin

Question 30

Delta cells in the pancreas

Answer 30

Produce Somatostatin

Question 31

Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia

Answer 31

Regular (Humulin R)

Question 32

Meglitinide

Answer 32

Repaglinide

Question 33

MOA of thiazolindinediones

Answer 33

Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism

Question 34

MOA of nateglinide

Answer 34

Stimulates rapid and transient release of of insulin through closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel

Question 35

Long acting insulin

Answer 35

Ultralente (humulin U)