Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
Q
A
Removal of PCP may be aided
Urinary acidification and activated charcoal or continual nasogastric suction
Causes acne, premature closure of epiphyses, masculinization in females, hepatic dysfunction, MI, and increases in libido and aggression
Steroids
Sedative-Hypnotics action
Reduce inhibition, suppress anxiety, and produce relaxation
Chronic high dose abuse of nicotine leads to
Psychotic state, overdose causes agitation, restlessness, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hyperreflexia, and seizures
Most dangerous of the currently popular hallucinogenic drugs, OD leads to nystagmus, marked hypertension, and seizures, presence of both horizontal and vertical nystagmus is pathognomonic
PCP
Treatments available for nicotine addiction
Patches, gum, nasal spray, psychotherapy, and bupropion
Cause dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension, and flushing
Organic nitrites
Inhalant anesthetics
NO, chloroform, and diethyl ether
W/D from this drug causes anxiety and mental discomfort
Nicotine
This agent may cause more severe, rapid and intense symptoms (abstinence syndrome) to a recovering addict
Naloxone
Treatment for opioid addiction
Methadone, followed by slow dose reduction
THC is active ingredient, SE’s include impairment of judgment, and reflexes, decreases in blood pressure and psychomotor performance occur
Marijuana
Treatment of withdrawal syndrome involves
Long-acting sedative-hypnotic or a gradual reduction of dose, clonidine or propranolol
This route is associated with rapid tolerance and psychologic dependence
IV administration
Most commonly abused in health care professionals
Heroin, morphine, oxycodone, meperidine and fentanyl
Toxic to the liver, kidney, lungs, bone marrow, peripheral nerves, and cause brain damage in animals, sudden death has occurred following inhalation
Fluorocarbons and Industrial solvents
“Date rape drug”
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
The most important sign of withdrawal syndrome
Excessive CNS stimulation (seizures)
These agents are CNS depressants
Ethanol, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines
These agents are congeners of Amphetamine
DOM, STP, MDA, and MDMA “ecstasy”
Amphetamine agents
Dextroamphetamines and methamphetamine
Common mechanism by which overdose result in death
Depression of medullary and cardiovascular centers
Overdoses of this agent with powerful vasoconstrictive action may result in fatalities from arrhythmias, seizures, respiratory depression, or severe HTN (MI and stroke)
Cocaine “super-speed”
Additive effects when Sedative-Hypnotics used in combination with these agents
CNS depressants
Readily detected markers that may assist in diagnosis of the cause of a drug overdose include
Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, body temperature, sweating, bowel signs, and pupillary responses
Withdrawal from this drug causes lethargy, irritability, and headache
Caffeine
Tolerance is marked and abstinence syndrome occurs
Amphetamines
Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, weakness, gooseflesh, nausea, and vomiting, tremor, muscle jerks, and hyperpnea are signs of this syndrome
Abstinence syndrome
