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Pharm One-Liners > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

DOC for herpes and its MOA

A

Acyclovir; activates thymidine kinase

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2
Q

Neurotoxicity with isoniazid (INH) prevented by

A

Administration of Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)

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3
Q

Cheap wide spectrum antibiotic DOC of otitis media

A

Amoxicillin

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4
Q

Drug of choice for Legionnaires’ disease

A

Azithromycin (or macrolides)

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5
Q

HIV med used to reduce transmission during birth

A

AZT (zidovudine)

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6
Q

Lactam that can be used in PCN allergic patients

A

Aztreonam

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7
Q

MOA of nystatin

A

Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane

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8
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

Binds D-Ala-D-Ala on murein monomers and prevent polymerization of the murein monomers

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9
Q

MOA of penicillin

A

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase and block peptidoglycan cross-linkage

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10
Q

PCN active against pseudomonas

A

Carbenicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin

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11
Q

Reason fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy

A

Cartilage damage

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12
Q

Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB

A

Cefixime (2nd) and 3rd generation

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13
Q

DOC for N. gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

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14
Q

Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates

A

Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime

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15
Q

Class of antibiotics that have 10% cross sensitivity with penicillins

A

Cephalosporins

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16
Q

Drug that causes gray baby syndrome and aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

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17
Q

Drug notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin

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18
Q

Drug of choice for leprosy

A

Dapsone

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19
Q

Mechanism of action of tetracycline

A

Decreases protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosome and prevent binding of tRNA to A site

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20
Q

Antivirals that are teratogens

A

Delavirdine, efavirenz, and ribavirin

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21
Q

Anti-viral with a dose limiting toxicity of pancreatitis

A

Didanosine

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22
Q

Metronidazole SE if given with alcohol

A

Disulfiram-like reaction

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23
Q

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute pyelonephritis

A

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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24
Q

DOC for CMV retinitis

A

Ganciclovir

25
Q

Antivirals associated with neutropenia

A

Ganciclovir, zidovudine, saquinavir, and interferon

26
Q

SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole

A

Gynecomastia

27
Q

MOA of sulfonamides

A

Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase

28
Q

MOA of fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV

29
Q

Mechanism of action of macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin)

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of 23S rRNA of 50S ribosome subunit

30
Q

Anemia caused by trimethoprim

A

Megaloblastic anemia

31
Q

Penicillins active against penicillinase secreting bacteria

A

Methicillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin

32
Q

Drug of choice for tx of pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole

33
Q

DOC for giardia, bacterial vaginosis, pseudomembranous colitis, and trichomonas

A

Metronidazole

34
Q

Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne

A

Minocycline

35
Q

SE for ganciclovir

A

Myelosuppression

36
Q

Two toxicities of aminoglycosides

A

nephro and ototoxicity

37
Q

Toxicity of amphotericin

A

Nephrotoxicity

38
Q

Anti-viral agents associated with Stephen Johnson syndrome

A

Nevirapine, amprenavir

39
Q

Drug used in Chagas disease

A

Nifurtimox

40
Q

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis

A

Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin

41
Q

Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis

A

ORAL vancomycin

42
Q

Common side effect of Rifampin

A

Orange urine discoloration

43
Q

DOC for influenza A and B

A

Oseltamivir or Zanamivir

44
Q

SE of INH

A

Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis

45
Q

Type of resistance found with vancomycin

A

Point mutation

46
Q

Drug used in exoerythrocytic cycle of malaria

A

Primaquine

47
Q

HIV antiviral class known to have severe drug interactions by causing inhibition of metabolism

A

Protease inhibitors

48
Q

DOC for RSV

A

Ribavirin

49
Q

Meningitis prophylaxis in exposed patients

A

Rifampin

50
Q

Treatment for TB patients (think RIPE)

A

Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol

51
Q

Technique used to diagnose perianal itching, and the drug used to treat it

A

Scotch tape technique and mebendazole

52
Q

SE of imipenem

A

Seizures

53
Q

Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic

A

Streptomycin

54
Q

Anti-bacterials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients

A

Sulfonamides

55
Q

Drug used for African sleeping sickness

A

Suramin

56
Q

Drug causes teeth discoloration

A

Tetracycline

57
Q

Topical DOC in impetigo

A

Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)

58
Q

Drug used for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

59
Q

Antibiotic causing red-man syndrome, and prevention

A

Vancomycin, can be prevented by infusion at a slow rate and antihistamines

Pharm One-Liners (46 decks)

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