Respiration Lecture 15: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory tract

A

tubular system that extends from nares to lungs

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2
Q

Functions of resp. tract

A

1) warm/moisten air
2) detect odorant molecules
3) conduct air to lungs
4) gas exchange with blood
5) minimize entry of ingested food and fluid
6) produce vocalizations
7) trap/eliminate foreign particles
8) combat microbes

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3
Q

Type of epithelium in vestibular region

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

2 types of epithelium in respiratory region

A

respiratory + olfactory ep.

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5
Q

4 main components of nasal cavity

A

1) vestibular region
2) respiratory region
3) paranasal sinuses
4) vomeronasal organs

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6
Q

philtrum

A

area between nostril and mouth

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7
Q

respiratory epithelium =

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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8
Q

4 main cell types found in resp. ep.

A

goblet, ciliated, basal, and brush cells

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9
Q

olfactory epithelium =

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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10
Q

3 main cell types found in olfactory ep.

A

sustentacular, olfactory, and basal cells. NO GOBLET CELLS

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11
Q

where are Bowman’s glands found and what do they do?

A

Beneath olfactory epithelium; secretion dissolves odor-producing substances

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12
Q

Paranasal sinuses fx

A

provide thermal and mechanical protection to orbits, nasal and cranial cavities; add resonance to vocalizations

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13
Q

T or F: pig has more extensive paranasal sinus than dog

A

T

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14
Q

What is paranasal sinus lined by?

A

Resp. ep.

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15
Q

What is vomeronasal organ lined by?

A

Resp. and Olf. ep., cartilage

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16
Q

vomeronasal organ fx

A

detect pheromones involved in social and mating behaviors

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17
Q

What is nasopharynx lined by?

A

resp. ep. (pseudostratified ciliated columbar ep.) Is around the soft palate

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18
Q

What is larynx lined by?

A

stratified squamous and resp. ep.

19
Q

Epiglottis is lined by:

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that interdigitates with the lamina propria

20
Q

Epithelium in trachea

A

respiratory ep.

21
Q

where is trachealis m. in dog vs. ox?

A

dog-outside smooth muscle ring; ox-inside ring

22
Q

Tunic layers from inside to outside of tubular organ (4)

A

1) Tunica mucosa (lines lumen)
2) Tunica submucosa (often contains glands)
3) Tunica muscularis
4) Tunica serosa or adventitia

23
Q

Main secretory cell type in tracheal epithelum of domestic mammals

A

goblet cells

24
Q

lamina muscularis mucosae in trachea contains

A

elastic fibers

25
muscularis externa in trachea contains
joining of trachealis m. and cartilage
26
conducting airways of bronchial tree
trachea + extrapulmonary bronchus
27
transitional/respiratory bronchioles
char. by direct attachment of alveoli; not present in all species. Between terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts. Participate in gas exchange
28
Granular (Type II Pneumonocytes)
Thicker and less numerous than Type I. Secrete surfactant. Aka septal cells
29
Membranous (Type I) pneumonocytes
squamous cells that line alveolar wall. Thin cells, where gas exchange takes place. Surround capillaries
30
2 kinds of macrophages in lung tissue
septal (remains w/n connective tissue septa) and alveolar (on alveolar lining, or free in lumen). Scavenge for particulates and move them upward and out via cilia
31
Passage of air from bronchiole to alveoli
bronchiole -->alveolar duct -->atrium --> alveoli
32
air-blood barrier components
1) surfactant 2) alveolar membrane 3) interstitial fluid 4) basal laminae of pneumonocyte and enothelium 5) endothelial cell 6) blood plasma 7) red blood cell
33
what does bronchial artery supply?
resp. structures
34
What vessels supply gas exchange system?
pulmonary a., alveolar capillaries, pulmonary vein
35
What innervates resp. system?
Parasympathetic --> vagus (bronchoconstriction) | Sympathetic --> T2-T4 (bronchodilation)
36
respiratory distress syndrome
lungs collapse and fail to expand
37
Immotile cilia (Kartagener's) syndrome
leads to chronic resp. infections
38
Tracheal hypoplasia
narrowed airway due to abnormal devel. of cartilage rings
39
T or F: avian hyaline cartilage rings are complete
T
40
Which components of avian resp. system are lined with resp. epithelium?
Trachea primary bronchi, mesobronchus
41
Where is lymphatic tissue located in resp. system of birds?
lamina propria of bronchi
42
avian ventilation circuit
bronchus --> caudal sac --> lung --> cranial sac --> out
43
Syrinx
where trachea forks into lungs in birds. Where sound is produced via vibrations of typmaniform membrane and pessulus
44
theory of gastric CO2 prod. and ventilation
during resp. acidosis, excess CO2 travels from gastric artery to stomach and out esophagus