Lecture 20: Lymph and Venous Circulation and Cardiac Output (Hayward)

Question 1

resistance to inflow –> hydrostatic pressure in capillary

Answer 1

decreases

Question 2

resistance to inflow –> absorption into capillary

Answer 2

decreases

Question 3

increased blood volume –> capillary filtration

Answer 3

increases

Question 4

hypoproteinemia –> capillary reabsorption

Answer 4

decreased

Question 5

hypoproteinemia

Answer 5

low blood protein

Question 6

where do lymph vessels converge and empty into?

Answer 6

subclavian veins

Question 7

lymph flow is via: (2)

Answer 7

1) muscle contraction

2) respiration

Question 8

heart failure means

Answer 8

heart can’t move blood forward

Question 9

lymph dysfunction leads to

Answer 9

edema. Increased filtration pressure beyond the capacity of the lymphatics

Question 10

3 main causes of lymph dysfunction

Answer 10

1) arteriole dilation
2) increased venous pressure
3) increased capillary permeability

Question 11

does venous system have pulsatile activity?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

RAP =

Answer 12

right arterial pressure

Question 13

venous return is dependent upon pressure gradient between 3 things

Answer 13

1) peripheral venous pressure
2) great veins
3) RAP

(Differences between peripheral and central venous pressure)

Question 14

How does breathing modulate central venous pressure during inspiration?

Answer 14

Venous pressure drops, resulting in increased venous return

Question 15

How does breathing modulate central venous pressure during expiration?

Answer 15

Venous pressure increases, resulting in decreased venous return

Question 16

increased venous sympathetic activity –> peripheral venous pressure

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

increased blood volume –> peripheral venous pressure

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

increased skeletal muscle pump –> peripheral venous pressure

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

increased inspiratory movement –> peripheral venous pressure

Answer 19

increases

Question 20

increased peripheral venous pressure w/o changing central venous pressure–> venous return

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

increased central venous pressure –> cardiac filling

Answer 21

increases

Question 22

venous return

Answer 22

amount of blood flowing back to the heart

Question 23

decreased preload –> cardiac output

Answer 23

decreases

Question 24

increased central venous pressure –> preload

Answer 24

increases

Question 25

increased peripheral venous pressure –> atrial pressure

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

increased venous return –> end diastolic ventricular volume

Answer 26

increases

Question 27

increased peripheral venous pressure –> stroke volume

Answer 27

increases

Question 28

pronounced jugular pulses are associated with _____atrial pressure

Answer 28

increased

Question 29

preload =

Answer 29

filling

Question 30

If central venous pressure decreases, but contractility increases —> cardiac output?

Answer 30

increases. Shifts cardiac-function curve to the left

Question 31

cardiac index

Answer 31

expected cardiac output taking several variables into consideration including age, sex, temp, etc.

Question 32

How is more blood brought to muscles during exercise?

Answer 32

constriction of venous vessels