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Undeleted > Lecture 6: Histology (Cortes-Hinojosa) > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Histology (Cortes-Hinojosa) Flashcards

1
Q

Order pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros in order of evolution

A

pronephros –> mesonephros –> metanephros

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2
Q

Name 3 things found in the medullary rays*****

A

1) Proximal straight tubules
2) Distal straight tubules
3) Cortical collecting ducts

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3
Q

Name 3 things found in the cortical labyrinth*****

A

1) glomeruli
2) proximal convoluted tubules
3) distal convoluted tubules

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4
Q

What structures are in the CORTEX?**

A

Medullary rays (PST, DST, CD) and cortical labyrinth (PCT, DCT, glomeruli)

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5
Q

What structures can be found in all regions of the MEDULLA?**

A

Collecting duct
Thin tubule
PST

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6
Q

What structures are in the outer stripe of the medulla?**

A

PST, DST, collecting duct

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7
Q

What structures are in the inner stripe of the medulla?**

A

DST, thin limb of loop of Henle, collecting duct

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8
Q

Thick ascending limb of loop of henle =**

A

distal straight tubule

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9
Q

Thick descending limb of loop of henle = **

A

proximal straight tubule

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10
Q

What structures are in the outer medulla (outer + inner stripes)?

A

PST, DST, thin limb of loop of Henle, collecting duct (PST and DST are thick limbs!)

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11
Q

PST and DST are considered thin or thick limbs?

A

thick

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12
Q

What is found in the inner medulla?

A

thin limbs and collecting duct only

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13
Q

Structures found in both cortex and at least one region of the medulla

A

Collecting duct
PCT
DCT

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14
Q

Pathway of blood in the kidney

A

renal a.–> lobar a. –> arcuate a. –> interlobular a. –> afferent arterioles –> glomerular capillaries –> efferent arterioles –> peritubular capillaries –> vasa recta (to medulla)

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15
Q

Where are arcuate aa. found?

A

at corticomedullary junction

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16
Q

What is the mesangium?

A

Inner layer of the glomerulus within the basement membrane surrounding the glomerular capillaries. The cells are phagocytic and secrete the amorphous mesangial matrix

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17
Q

What drives solute and water reabsorption in the proximal tubule?

A

basolateral plasma membrane infoldings containing Na/K ATPase

18
Q

Main fxs of loop of Henle

A
  • generation and maintenance of medullary interstitial gradient
  • regulation of H2O balance and urea excretion
19
Q

3 main nephron segments of loop of Henle

A

1) PST
2) Thin limbs (w/ hairpin turn)
3) Thick ascending limb (DST)

20
Q

what kind of animal secretes urea?

A

mammals

21
Q

what kind of animal secretes uric acid?

A

birds and reptiles.

22
Q

T or F: reptiles and birds don’t have Loops of Henle

A

true

23
Q

tubule fluid bypasses what in short-looped nephrons? Why is this important?

A

inner medulla. Enhances water excretion

24
Q

Advantage of long-looped nephrons

A

Water reabsorption enhanced because countercurrent exchange maintains medullary gradient

25
Q

Thick limbs main fx

A

Na,CL resorbtion/K secretion

26
Q

Thin limbs main fx

A

countercurrent exchange

27
Q

fx of juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

regulates single glomerular filtration rate

28
Q

fx of extraglomerular mesangium (ECM)

A

regulates glomerular blood flow via contraction

29
Q

fx of macula densa

A

detection of signal related to solute contents

30
Q

fx of Distal convoluted tubules (DCT)

A

Na/Ca/Mg resorption, dilution of tubule fluid

31
Q

fx of Cortical collecting duct (CCD)

A

1) NaCl reabsorption
2) K secretion
3) vasopressin-sensitive H2O reabsorption
4) acid-base regulation

32
Q

Fx of outer medullary collecting duct

A

1) K and acid secretion

2) K and NaCl absorption

33
Q

Fx of medullary collecting duct

A

1) acid secretion
2) NaCl reabsorption
3) ADH-sensitive H2O and urea reabsorption

34
Q

Where does collecting duct system start and end?

A

Starts in cortical medullary rays, ends where papillary rays empty into renal pelvis

35
Q

What kind of epithelium in calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

36
Q

What kind of epithelium in urethra?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

37
Q

Pathway of urine from kidney to urethra

A

calyces –> renal pelvis –> ureters –> bladder –> urethra

38
Q

How does ureter minimize accretion of CaCO3 crystals?

A

secretions of mucous glands in lamina propria

39
Q

3 layers of tunica muscularis in the urethra?

A

1) inner longitudinal
2) middle circular
3) outer longitudinal

*in males, striated urethral muscle replaces the middle circular layer at the prostate

40
Q

Which species have mucous glands in their urethra?

A

horses and cats

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